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From individual to collective identity: the case of autobiographical accounts from the Ukrainian‑Russian and Ukrainian-Romanian borderlands

100%
Krasowska H.
Acta Baltico-Slavica
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2017
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vol. 41
EN
From individual to collective identity: the case of autobiographical accounts from the Ukrainian‑Russian and Ukrainian-Romanian borderlandsThe article presents the problem of cultural memory of Poles from two different regions of Ukraine, the south-east of the country and Carpathian Bukovina. It examines the following five main topic areas: the Second World War, life after the war (including the problem of the Russians), the issue of the Roman Catholic religion, the language question, and the problem of declaration of Polishness today. The accounts of the everyday life of Poles in the Ukrainian-Russian and Ukrainian-Romanian borderlands show important differences concerning their experience of war. In Bukovina, which used to be part of Romania, Poles display a much more consolidated sense of national identity. Despite the restrictions imposed by Soviet authorities, they gathered around the Roman Catholic Church as well as the institution of family, and taught the Polish language in private homes. This explains a continuity of their traditions, language, culture, and memory.On the other hand, throughout the Soviet period the Poles in Eastern Ukraine were cut off from contacts with Poland, the Roman Catholic Church and Polish organisations. Geographically dispersed and living in fear in their social environment, Polish families experienced a loss of their loved ones and faced severe punishment for declaring identity other than ‘Soviet’. Another factor at play was a relatively high rate of mixed marriages.The memory of contact with the Soviets is similar in both borderlands. The conduct of the new authorities was the same everywhere, and the examples quoted in the article represent a broader issue which would merit a separate study. Od tożsamości indywidualnej do tożsamości zbiorowej. Na przykładzie narracji z pogranicza ukraińsko-rosyjskiego i ukraińsko-rumuńskiegoW artykule przedstawiono problem tożsamości kulturowej Polaków z dwóch różnych obszarów Ukrainy: Ukrainy południowo-wschodniej oraz Bukowiny Karpackiej. Omówieniu podlega pięć kręgów tematycznych: II wojna światowa, życie po II wojnie światowej i problem Rosjan, kwestia religii katolickiej, zagadnienie języka oraz problem współczesnej deklaracji polskości. W narracjach na temat codzienności u Polaków na pograniczu ukraińsko-rosyjskim i ukraińsko-rumuńskim pojawiają się istotne różnice. Polegają one między innymi na tym, że w innej sytuacji znajdowali się podczas II wojny światowej Polacy w Doniecku, a w innej Polacy na Bukowinie, będącej częścią państwa rumuńskiego. Ponadto stopień poczucia tożsamości narodowej u Polaków na Bukowinie jest znacznie wyższy. Pomimo zakazów ze strony władz sowieckich, Polacy skupiali się wokół Kościoła i rodziny, w domach prywatnych uczono języka polskiego. Na Bukowinie istnieje zatem ciągłość tradycji, języka, kultury i pamięci.Polacy na Ukrainie Wschodniej przeżyli okres władzy sowieckiej w oddaleniu od Polski, od Kościoła katolickiego i od polskich organizacji. Żyli w dużym rozproszeniu, obawiając się społeczności, wśród której mieszkali. Rodziny przeżywały utratę bliskich, za przyznawanie się do narodowości innej niż „sowiecka” groziły srogie kary dla całej rodziny. Wchodzili też w związki małżeńskie z osobami niepolskiego pochodzenia.Pamięć o styczności z władzą sowiecką jest podobna na obu pograniczach, a przytoczone przykłady stanowią szerszy problem, któremu warto by poświęcić osobne opracowanie.
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AKTYWNOŚĆ POLITYCZNA POLAKÓW NA LITWIE I UKRAINIE NA PRZEŁOMIE XX I XXI WIEKU. STUDIUM PRZYPADKÓW

100%
Bonusiak A.
Polityka i Społeczeństwo
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2014
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issue 1(12)
57-71 (15)
EN
The collapse of the USRR marks the beginning of a new period in the history of the Poles who used to live in this state. In the aftermath of the political processes, the Poles, who were dispersed in the various areas of the Soviet Union, started to function in its sovereign successor states. Both their capacity to act and results achieved were dependent on how numerous their milieus have been, what the given national majority’s attitude to the Poles was, if the Poles’ choices were opportune as well as what the legal conditions in which the national minorities could function were in those states. The present article attempts to analyse the Poles’ situation in Lithuania and Ukraine between 1988 and 2014.
3
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Karta Polaka w systemie instytucjonalnym prawa o cudzoziemcach

86%
Narożniak A.
Studia Prawa Publicznego
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2017
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issue 4 (20)
129-164
EN
In recent years, there have been legislative cha nges as a result of which the role of the Pole’s Card in the Polish legal system has been increasing. The growing importance of the Pole’s Card requires refl ection on its place in the system of Polish law on foreigners and its relation to other institutions of this law. According to the original concept, the Pole’s Card was to be an offi cial confi rmation of the holder’s belonging to the Polish Nation and a way of granting a number of rights in order to make the foreigner’s stay in Poland easier. Today, it is justifi ed to say that the Pole’s Card has acquired a new, “stay-in” function. Although the Card on its own does not give the right to reside in Poland, it allows its holder to apply for a permanent residence permit without having to meet standard migration requirements. The changes have also made it legitimate to talk about a “repatriation” function of the Pole’s Card. It does not grant Polish citizenship, nevertheless it lets to avoid many diffi culties connected to standard procedures. As far as leaving the country is concerned, the Pole’s Card does not constitute an obstacle to the imposition on its holder of an obligation to leave Poland. However, it should be noted that while fulfi lling its functions, the Card signifi cantly reduces the likelihood of addressing a decision containing such an obligation. The attractiveness of the Pole’s Card holder status is demonstrated in practice by the growing interest in applying for this document. In the system of the law on foreigners, however, there remain some details that show that the whole concept is somehow incomplete. In practice, problems arise with the assessment of the connection to Polish culture and there are questions about the eff ects of unfair practices when applying for the Pole’s Card. Doubts are also raised by the lack of unifi cation of the Card holder status, irrespective of the possession of another privileged status: the one of a citizen of the European Union or a member of her or his family. It leads to a conclusion that legislative corrections seem necessary at some points. At the same time it is claimed that apart from the above, the quality of the application of the existing law should be improved.
4
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Katolickie media polskojęzyczne na Ukrainie, Białorusi i w krajach bałtyckich

72%
Leśniczak R.
Łódzkie Studia Teologiczne
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2014
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vol. 23
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issue 1
67-74
EN
The article attempts to evaluate the condition and extent of impact of Polish-Catholic media among Poles living in the Ukraine, Belarus, Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia. The analysis further includes a short description of condition the life of Poles in the East, their perspectives of the possibility of learning Polish at school, the meaning of the Charter of the Pole, some actions of the Polish government concerning the life of Poles in the East.
5
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„Rozstrzelani za Zbruczem”. Praktyka wydawania wyroków śmierci na ludność polską w trzech obwodach Ukraińskiej SRR w ramach „operacji polskiej” w latach 1937–1938. Analiza komparatystyczna

58%
Olechowski P.
Dzieje Najnowsze
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2023
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vol. 55
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issue 1
77-99
EN
The text presents three cases of criminal trials held in the 1930s against the Polish population remaining in Soviet Ukraine (regions of Vinnytsia, Odesa, and Kamianets-Podilskyi). All ended with sentences of death by firing squad. Years later, the murdered were recognised as victims of the totalitarian system, thus obtaining posthumous rehabilitation and symbolic sentence exoneration.
PL
Tekst przedstawia trzy przypadki śledztw karnych toczonych w latach trzydziestych XX w. przeciwko ludności polskiej pozostałej na Ukrainie Radzieckiej (Winnica, Odessa, Kamieniec Podolski). Wszystkie zakończyły się wyrokami skazującymi na śmierć przez rozstrzelanie. Po latach zamordowani zostali uznani za ofiary systemu totalitarnego, uzyskując tym samym pośmiertną (symboliczną) rehabilitację.
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