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XIX-wieczna arystokracja polska w Galicji Wschodniej wobec ruskich (ukraińskich) aspiracji narodowych

100%
Arkusza O., Mudryj M.
Krakowskie Pismo Kresowe
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2012
|
vol. 4: Galicja jako pogranicze kultur
145-171
EN
century. The formula gente Rutheni, natione Poloni was the most popular among Galician aristocracy of that time as a way of solving the Ukrainian question. Therefore aristocrats often called themselves “Rusyns” (in the territorial sense) and insisted on their right to represent the interests of “Rus”. Initiated from time to time the attempts of Polish-Ukrainian agreement were the external expression of such moods. Often these attempts were opposed to the planned consequences – instead of combining (with subordination of Ukrainians to Polish national political objectives and keeping Ukrainian society within Polish cultural and intellectual space) they showed a rapid process of national emancipation of Ukrainians, and in some sense only deepened the ethnic conflict. On the other hand, these agreements put in order emotions only for a short time, created the illusion of unity so necessary to maintain the relative balance in the society. Eastern Galician aristocrats lost the sense of the real time in their attempt to accommodate national aspirations of Ukrainians in the patriarchal borders. In the early twentieth century they were not able to compete with a group of national democrats (endecy), who built his political and national strategies on the basis of the modern nationalism. In this sense, the aristocrats lost “Ukrainian question”. They lost not only to Ukrainians, but also to Polish national democrats who openly declared inability to return the ancient times and stood for uncompromising national struggle.
2
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„Jak żyć po czymś takim w Polsce?” Edukacyjne walory podróży na przykładzie Dziennika podróży do Italii i Szwajcarii z lat 1815–1816 Rozalii Dunin-Borkowskiej

65%
Sijka K.
Biuletyn Historii Wychowania
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2020
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issue 43
27-44
EN
A Diary of a Journey to Italy and Switzerland in 1815–1816 written by Rozalia Dunin-Borkowska is one of few preserved descriptions of a journey to Italy made by a Polish woman in the early 19th century. Rozalia and her husband Stanisław embarked on their expedition on 27 May 1815 in Lvov; they went to Italy and spent nine months there, from October 1815 to July 1816. The Italian tour started in Venice and included Padua, Bologna, Florence (twice), Rome, Naples, Milan and Geneva. The spouses spent the journey actively although their main goal was to learn about the culture of the Italian Peninsula. Undoubtedly, their time in Italy was filled with admiring the works of art and visiting the most famous art galleries in almost every city on the itinerary. Consequently, the journal is full of reflections on the aesthetic value of Italian works of art. Rozalia Dunin-Borkowska was an informed traveller: while she admired the sights and paintings, sculptures and other works of art, she did that in a thoughtful way. She needed quality time to form her own opinions. Her journal demonstrates very well that visiting foreign countries was an intellectually stimulating experience. Getting to know a new culture significantly broadened the horizons of 24-year-old Rozalia. As her journal suggests, she was well-prepared for her European journey. The outstanding lesson that she learnt allowed her to reap the rewards of the tour and satisfy her intellectual aspirations. The Diary is a great source of experience accumulated by a Polish traveller; it provides an opportunity to find out about Rozalia’s cultural life, her preparation for the journey and how the trip affected her. Furthermore, Dunin-Borkowska’s testimony was compared with Katarzyna Platerowa’s and Teofilia Morawska’s diaries due to the fact that all three of them shared certain common features. Namely, their cultural background, material status and, most importantly, the travel itinerary. They were all well prepared for their respective journeys; they were also well educated, fluent in foreign languages and, above all, they were curious about the world and interested in learning about a new culture. Each of these travellers was influenced by the European journey which provided educational values combined with unforgettable experiences.
3
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Maria Manteuffel née von Ryck and her recently discovered letters to her son Gustaw Manteuffel

51%
Budzyński R., Budzyński R.
Ruch Literacki
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2018
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issue 4
4
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Turystyka i edukacja. Zagraniczna peregrynacja młodego polskiego magnata w relacji księdza Kazimierza Jana Wojsznarowicza (1667‒1669)

45%
Kucharski A.
Studia Gdańskie
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2011
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issue 29
205-227
PL
Prezentowany poniżej artykuł dotyczy istotnej kwestii staropolskich podróży po Europie w epoce nowożytnej. Rozważania oparte są na kanwie jednego z ciekawszych i obszerniejszych dzienników podróżnych napisanych przez Polaka i po polsku – wileńskiego księdza Kazimierza Jana Wojsznarowicza. Podróż, która miała miejsce w latach 1667‒1669 objęła kilka krajów europejskich: Niemcy, Holandię, Niderlandy Hiszpańskie, Francję i Włochy. Relacja podróżna zawiera wiele spostrzeżeń autora nt. sztuki, religii, ustroju politycznego, obyczajów. Ks. Wojsznarowicz opisał szczegółowo w dzienniku podróży także swoją pracę naukową i działalność wydawniczą oraz postępy w edukacji czynione przez jego podopiecznego – Aleksandra Janusza Zasławskiego-Ostrogskiego.
EN
The main purpose of the article is a question of old Polish journeys across Europe in the modern epoch. Our considerations are based on the ground-work in the form of journal of travel written in the second half of 17 th century. This account of travel was written by the Polish priest from Vilnius Kazimierz Jan Wojsznarowicz. He wrote this text in Polish using also numerous Latin expressions. This journey took place in the years 1667‒1669, in times of mature baroque. It included coverage of several European countries (Germany – various duchies, Holland, Spanish Netherlands, France, Italy and Austria). This account of travel includes many observations of its author about different questions of culture, nature, politics (system of government) and realities of traveling: art, religion, landscapes, flights boats, means of communication, administration, political structure, science, theater, customs of populations and many others. Father Wojsznarowicz described in his account of travel in detail also his research work and publishing activity (writing and publishing printed sermons) and also progress in education of his pupil, he took care of during the journey – young polish magnate Aleksander Janusz Zasławski-Ostrogski, descendant of famous parentage.
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