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EN
Eng. title: Subtenancy as a category of Polish culture
2
Content available remote

Mit Litwy w polskiej kulturze

80%
LT
Straipsnyje aptariama istorinio Lietuvos mito problematika Lenkijos kultūros sanklodoje. Autorius pabrė žia pamažu stiprėjančią lietuviškos kultūros svarbą Lenkijos intelektualų veikloje nuo pat XIX a. pra džios. Svarbią vietą čia užima Vilnius – bene svarbiausias to amžiaus mokslo ir meno centras. Ypatingas dėmesys skiriamas Vilniaus universitetui (Uniwersytet Wileński, 1803-1832), kuriame dirbo gausus bū rys lenkų intelektualų garsinusių ir Lietuvosvardą visoje šalyje bei už jos ribų iki pat šio universiteto už darymo. Būtent čia kilo Lenkijos intelektualų susidomėjimas Lietuvos istorija, jos kultūra, lietuvių kalba ir tautosaka. Šių kelių Vilniaus universiteto gyvavimo dešimtmečių laikotarpiu buvo išspausdinta pluoštas veikalų, kuriuose paskelbti iškilūs lietuvių muzikos, literatūros, poezijos bei kitų kultūros sričių tyrinėji mai. Visa tai liudijo šių darbų autorių išsamų lietuviškos kultūros pažinimą bei supratimą. Romantinės pakraipos Vilniaus lenkų literatūriniai ir kitų kultūros apraiškų kūriniai šio Lietuvos mito propagavimu tapo neatsiejama abiejų tautų kultūros ir mokslo istorijos dalimi.
EN
The article is devoted to the studies of the birth of the Lithuanian myth in Polish Culture. Author points the importance of Lithuania in Polish intellectual life increased since the beginning of the 19th century. The role of Vilnius as one of the most influential research and artistic centers particularly improved. Vil nius University (Uniwersytet Wileński, 1803-1832), which influence and achievements spread beyond Lithuanian border for a long time after it had been closed down, played an especially significant role. A lot of interest in Lithuanian history and culture, its languages and folklore developed among Vilnius intel lectuals. The tendency was steady: in next decades numerous musical works, scientific research and literary works were created. They were inspired by widely understood Lithuanian culture. Vilnius started liv ing its own life of a legendary capital of romanticism and a town of glorious but tragic history. Owing to a romantic tradition Lithuanian issues became one of the typical features of Polish culture.
EN
In his article, the author considers complaining as the typical feature of Polish cultural life. He compares the recent situation in Polish culture (i.e. complains about displacement of the classic, paper books by the e-books, Internet and other “new media”) with historical data, concerning i.e. the fear of the displacement of the manuscript by spreading all around invention of printing. According to the author, this fears were false because the manuscript played important role in Polish “underground” of the cultural and political life even in the tweentieth century. Then he refers to the current scientific publications, stating that (despite all recent fears) monographs, dissertations and other humane papers are progressively more and more vast. Unfortunately this vast size does not mix with the accurateness of the data which they contain and with the editorial strictness of these publications. For instance, formal requirements of the publication of the thesis before achieving scientific degree precludes candidates from incorporating critical remarks of the fellow scientists in the final publication. This yields a large number of editorial mistakes and inconsistencies in humane publications. The author prefers coherent, substantive publications, which are free from any factual or editorial mistakes – and that`s his advice for Polish humanists.
EN
In the article the author presents rossica (Russicisms and Sovieticisms) in the function of political invective in the three periods of the history of Polish political communication (1919-1939, 1945-1989, 1989-today).
EN
This article aims to describe the function played by Polish language In the life of Poles residing in independent Ukraine. The hypothesis on the lack of necessity to use a native language in everyday life in order to preserve cultural distinctness has been verified during the field-research conducted by the author. Polish language is only one of the elements of widely-understood Polish culture. The group subject to field-research study has also preserved other elements, such as: hierarchy of values of norms and patterns, feeling of distinctiveness, typical Polish traditions and customs. This observation contrasts with stereotypical opinion according to which preservation of culture is impossible without preservation of language.
EN
The article offers a survey of the reception of Ovid in the Wawrzyniec Korwin’s astronomical dissertation Cosmographia dans manuductionem in tabulas Ptolemaei (ed. 1496) by applying literary perspectives of such Ovid`s poems as Metamorphoses, Fasti, Epistulae ex Ponto, Amores and Heroides. The title Korwin’s take on Ovid hints at the actual and real potential of his heritage that is both a fixed, poetic base shared by Korwin since his study at the Cracow Academy as well as a body of references constantly being reinterpreted in response to astronomical and geographical challenges of the work of the Polish writer. The reader is given an insight into the processes shaping Korwin’s borrowings from Ovid and the importance of Cosmographia to the Polish Renaissance culture.
EN
The paper deals with the occurrence of sick disaster jokes in the Polish culture. It presents a characteristics of the Polish jokes about the crash of the air-plane with the Polish President and the First Lady on board as well as numcrous VIPs of the Polish establishment flying in to attend the commemoration event marking the 70th anniyersary of the Katyń massacre of thousands of Poles by Soviet forces during WWI1. The piane crashed near the Smoleńsk military airport on 10 April 2010. Three groups of te\ts about the Kaczyński brothers, their sources and socio-cultural conte\ts are analysed. The jokes cover the period before the disaster, describe its course and are also related to the 2010 presidential elections. The author compares the character of the Scripts appearing in the specified groups of jokes, and pays special attention to a unique in Polish culture character of the jokes related to mass media, their connections with traditions and w ith the systems of values and beliefs. Such jokes undergo a unification under the influence of the globalisation changing Poles’ preferences conceming the ways of talking about disaster victims.
EN
The main aim of the article is to present how many “Erasmus” students and from which countries were learning Polish as a foreign language at the University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn (UWM) in years 2005–2012. The reason for analysing this subject are the two anniversaries of Erasmus programme: 25th anniversary in Europe (in 2012) and the 15th anniversary in Poland (in 2013). The archival materials of the Centre of Polish Culture and Language for Foreigners UWM in Olsztyn show how many foreign students, from which countries and at which level learned Polish and what their opinions about the Polish courses and Polish language were. The article also presents the symbols, heroes, habits and traditions of Polish culture experienced by Erasmus students. For these young foreigners, Poland is not the country which started the process of change in modern Europe with the defeat of communism, it is just a country which is one of the new members of the European Union – without the religious and historical contexts and connotations which were very obvious at the turn of the 21st century.
EN
A book review of Maryla Hopfinger’s Literature and Media. After 1989, published by Oficyna Naukowa The book is an in-depth review on changes in models of cultural communication that took place in Poland in the last 20 years, after the political transformation of 1989. Hopfinger in her work tries to understand a sudden clash of the world of literature and media with politics and general changes in Poland, whilst maintaining a distance towards those who put new models of communication (the audiovisual, interactive, and digitalization of information) over other models, as well as those who herald the fall of literature as opposed to other media.
EN
The article analyses the unique copy of the old Polish catholic hymn book Pieśni nabożne na święta uroczyste według porządku Kościoła ś. katolickiego na cały rok z wielką pilnością zebrane [Songs of piety and devotion...] published in Cracow in 1627 and found at the library at Escorial in Spain. The book, apparently the first known printed Polish catholic extensive hymn book, contained over 140 songs, in Polish and Latin, including works written by Jan Kochanowski and Mikołaj Rej. The article also describes later editions of the hymn book. This is a particularly important book in the history of Polish culture because it was repeatedly republished in different printing offices, not only Catholic, under the same or slightly changed title as late as until the nineteenth century. Numerous editions of the hymn book constitute a valuable source for the study of Polish Catholic hymns as they make it possible to follow and trace the chronology of works, their textual variations and the popularity of particular songs or hymns within a particular time frame, as well as their range of influence and regional occurrence.
EN
The article offers insights on the reception and cultural transmission of one of the most important Renaissance texts entitled De Europa written by Aeneas Silvius Piccolomini, an Italian scholar (he became Pope Pius II in 1458). His work was adopted and adapted by the Polish scholar Jan of Stobnica. In his dissertation Introductio in Ptolemaei cosmographiam cum longitudinibus et latitudinibus regionum et civitatum celebriorum, he took up all issues of Piccolomini`s treatise, including geographical and historical aspects of Greece. His attitude to this material was very positive. The article considers the motifs of Greek districts, such as Macedonia, Thessaly, Boeotia, Attica, the Peloponnese, the Isthmus, Achaea, Acarnania, Epirus, and the significance of Greece for Polish Renaissance culture.
EN
The article is an overview of the reception of fairy tales from the collection Kinder- und Hausmärchen by Wilhelm and Jacob Grimm in 1865–1939 in Poland, taking into account the cultural factors infl uencing the form of the analysed sources. The author refers to and comments on reviews, notes, articles, reports, commentaries, publishing catalogues, encyclopaedic entries as well as introductions to the various Polish-language editions of the fairy tales which explicitly tackled the topic of the collection Kinder- und Hausmärchen. The article also contains a terminological suggestion in the form of “Grimmosphere” treated as a structure made up of cultural phenomena and encompassing both Wilhelm and Jacob Grimm’s writings, collections, studies and scholarly theories, and their reception.
14
Content available remote

Sąsiedzi: stereotyp Cyganów w kulturze polskiej

61%
Świat i Słowo
|
2013
|
vol. 11
|
issue 2(21)
273-276
EN
[The text analyzes the stereotype of gypsies in Polish culture.]
EN
In the Polish society we oft en observe representatives of diff erent cultures. Th ey live, study, work in Poland. Foreigners learning the culture and Polish language, simultaneously use forms of the formal education as part of courses and language schools, as well as, in frames of colleges. Th e off er of this institutions is diverse, starting from such basic teaching materials, as textbooks, and fi nishing on studio, direct exits meetings with the culture of the Polish society, with people, music, book. Th e paper is a presentation of analysis results of the contents of chosen current textbooks of Polish for foreigners, as well as with attempt of the answer to questions, what elements of the Polish culture in them are being handed over as well as what manner of their exposition is. Th ese are certainly material questions in processes determining intercultural competence.
XX
Cudzoziemcy, poznając polską kulturę i język polski, często korzystają z edukacji formalnej – w ramach kursów, szkół językowych, uczelni wyższych. Oferta niniejszych placówek jest różnorodna, jednak wszystkie korzystają z tak podstawowych materiałów dydaktycznych jak podręczniki. Artykuł jest prezentacją wyników analizy zawartości wybranych aktualnych podręczników języka polskiego dla cudzoziemców, a także próbą odpowiedzi na pytania, jakie elementy kultury polskiej są w nich przekazywane, oraz jaki jest sposób ich ekspozycji. To z pewnością pytania istotne w kontekście kompetencji międzykulturowej, czyli płaszczyzny efektywnego komunikowania się przedstawicieli z odmiennych kultur. Podstawowy zakres tego pojęcia orientuje się obecnie nie tyle na kategorii znawstwa kultury polskiej, lecz zrozumienia sensu poszczególnych elementów kulturowych oraz nadawanych im przez Polaków znaczeń.
EN
Italia for ages attracted representatives of all sorts nations with unique geographical advantages, diversified nature, richness of the works of art, architecture. The Poles have been enjoying its cultural, artistic, and scientific achievements for over eight centuries. They left their tracks there in the form of archive records, literature, works of art, necropolis. They were also promoting Polish culture in Italy, in both individual and institutional actions. The author presented a few Poles and Polish institutions, which introduced Polish literature and culture into Italian cultural life in the 20 century. These are mostly scholars, historians, librarians, writers. A few of them are quite well-known and described in literature (e.g. Karolina Lanckorońska, Roman Pollak). However, many others have not been an object of in-depth studies, including Józef Feliks Michałowski, Jan Władysław Woś, Ryszard K. Lewański or the Adam Mickiewicz Academy of Polish and Slavic Literatures and History in Bologne and the Attilio Behey Institute of Polish Culture in Turin. The output of the Polish community abroad, being maintained in Italian libraries and archives, confirms both the value of common cultural background, and permament engagement of the Poles in strengthening and popularization of the Polish writing legacy in Italy.
EN
Abschiedswalzer, the biography of Frederic Chopin made in the Third Reich, is usually seen as a surprisingly friendly towards Poland and Polish people. The film is regarded by contemporary film historians opposed to the typical argument that film entertainment during the Nazi era was extremely politicised, as well crafted, and free of ideological elements typical of cinematic entertainment of the time. However an analysis of how Chopin’s music is used, the construction of the main characters, omissions and distortions of historical facts, gender strategies applied and the role of the language leads to a different conclusion. The film shows a deep ambivalence towards Chopin. An affirmation of his music is accompanied by discrediting him as a man and as a patriot, which results in visible “germanization” of Chopin presented in the film, which germanization however remains incomplete. From the film it might be inferred what were the official priorities of the German foreign policy of the time (correct relations with the neighbouring states, and also an anti-soviet direction) but also the expansionist ambitions of the Third Reich. Before the Germans began to realize the idea of colonising the East by military means, the expansion was a cultural one, and was served by films such as Chopin, the Bard of Freedom.
EN
This article examines the connections of the outstanding Ukrainian composer Boris Lyato-shinsky with Polish culture of the 20th century. These connections can be traced at the genetic level and in the context of his music from the 1950s and 1960s. It is argued that the Polish theme forms a kind of supercycle in the composer’s work, which symbolizes the memory of culture and unites a number of his works with Polish themes. These include the piano “Slavic Concerto” by B.Lyatoshinsky, the symphonic poems “Grazhina” and “On the Banks of the Vistula,” and the “Polish Suite” for a symphony orchestra. This supercycle is associated with the “memorial” genre, which actualizes the “memory” mechanism. In this case, we are talking about the “Polish memory” of B. Lyatoszynski, a characteristic feature of which is the connec-tion with the Polish musical culture, which is present in his works at the intonation, genre, and conceptual level.
EN
The impact of preaching on Polish religiousness and national culture is enormous. Sermons reached all the social classes. They were listened to by the king, by scholars and by the unlearned, by burghers and by peasants, and by the rich and by beggars. For the vast majority of Poles, sermons were the only source of faith and inspiration to live the Christian life. The first preachers limited themselves in their messages to reciting and simple lecturing: the Credo, the Ten Commandments, the Pater noster and the Ave Maria. They made an invaluable mark in forming Polish religious and literary language. The quality and frequency of the sermons depended on a church’s rank (i.e., if it was a cathedral, a collegiate church, a town church, a village church, a monastic church, etc.), the distance from cities and the educational environment. Hagiography and martyrology were read. Religious songs (a significant role was given to carmen patrum –Bogurodzica) played a great role to help with the transfer of faith as they strengthened the oral catechesis and were remembered by the listeners. The Christian moral lectures concentrated on virtues to be sought and vices to be avoided; emphasis was placed on the practice of merciful work and keeping the commandments, while devotion to Christ’s humanity, His Mother and the saints was cultivated.
PL
Wpływ kaznodziejstwa na religijność polską i kulturę narodową jest ogromny. Kazanie docierało do wszystkich warstw społecznych. Słuchał go król, uczony i prostak, mieszczanin i chłop, bogaty i żebrak. Dla ogromnej większości Polaków było ono jedynym źródłem wiary i inspiracji do życia chrześcijańskiego. Pierwsi kaznodzieje ograniczali się w swoim przekazie do recytowania i prostego wykładu: Credo, dekalogu, Modlitwy Pańskiej i Zdrowaś, Maryja. Oddali nieocenione usługi w kształtowaniu polskiego języka religijnego i literackiego. Poziom wygłaszanych kazań i ich częstotliwość zależał od rangi kościoła (katedra, kolegiata, kościół miejski, wiejski, zakonny), odległości od miast i środowisk szkolnych. Czytano żywoty świętych i martyrologium. Wielką pomocą w przekazie wiary służyły pieśni religijne (doniosła rola carmen patrum – Bogurodzicy), które utrwalały katechezę ustną i zapisywały się w pamięci słuchaczy. W wykładzie moralności chrześcijańskiej skupiano się na cnotach, o które należało zabiegać, i na wadach, których trzeba było unikać; kładziono nacisk na praktykę dzieł miłosierdzia i zachowywanie przykazań; kształtowano kult człowieczeństwa Chrystusa, Jego Matki i świętych.
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