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RU
Восточная политика является одним из важнейших направлений польской внешней политики. Это касается стран бывшего Советского Союза, не входящих в евроатлантические структуры. В 2015 году на парламентских выборах в Польше победила партия «Право и справедливость». Витольд Ващиковский возглавлял Министерство иностранных дел, которого в январе 2018 года сменил Яцек Чапутович. Цель исследования – найти ответ на вопрос, каким было отношение Польской народной партии к России, Украине и Беларуси в 2015–2019 годах и какие предпосылки повлияли на его формирование? Была принята рабочая гипотеза: «Польская народная партия в 2015–2019 годах выбрала партнерскую модель отношений Польши с Россией, Украиной и Беларусью, сформированную на основе прагматических предпосылок». Срок проведения исследования охватил период с 17 июля 2015 г. по 11 ноября 2019 г. Анализ собранного материала позволил ответить на вопрос, содержащийся во введении к статье, а также подтвердил справедливость принятой рабочей гипотеза. Более того, она показала, что для Польской народной партии вопросы восточной политики не были ведущей нитью в размышлениях о польской внешней политике.
EN
Eastern policy is one of the most important areas of Polish foreign policy. It regards the countries (of the former Soviet Union), that do not belong to the Euro-Atlantic structures. In 2015, Law and Justice won the parliamentary elections in Poland. Witold Waszczykowski was assigned as the head of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and was replaced in January 2018 by Jacek Czaputowicz. The aim of the study is to find an answer to the question: what was the attitude of the Polish People’s Party to Russia, Ukraine and Belarus in 2015–2019 and what premises influenced its shape? A working hypothesis was adopted: “The Polish People’s Party in 2015–2019 opted for a partnership model of Poland’s relations with Russia, Ukraine and Belarus, shaped on the basis of pragmatic premises”. The time limit for the research covered the period from July 17th, 2015 to November 11th, 2019. The analysis of the collected material made possible to answer the question (contained in the introduction to the article), and also confirmed the validity of the adopted working hypothesis. Moreover, it showed that for the Polish People’s Party, matters concerning eastern policy were not the leading thread in the reflection on Polish foreign policy.
EN
After winning the election in 2015, the main representative of the right in the parliament was Zjednoczona Prawica [the United Right], a coalition drawing from various right-wing parties, which also won the next parliamentary elections in 2019. Consequently, between 2015 and 2023, the aforementioned circles implemented their policies, and the proposals contained therein were to form the basis for the implementation of public policy. The articles presents the changes which took place in the Polish foreign policy toward Belarus and Ukraine, as well as the concept of the Polish security policy towards these countries.
PL
Po wygraniu wyborów w 2015 roku głównym przedstawicielem prawicy w parlamencie była Zjednoczona Prawica – koalicja czerpiąca z różnych nurtów prawicowych, która zwyciężyła również w kolejnych wyborach parlamentarnych w 2019 roku. Wobec tego w latach 2015-2023 wspomniane środowisko realizowało swój program wyborczy, a zawarte w nim postulaty miały stanowić podstawę prowadzenia polityki publicznej.
PL
Russian intervention in Donbas and annexation of Crimea have triggered a fundamental revision of the EU policy towards Easter neighbourhood and Russia. The main goal of this paper is to develop discussion about the EU strategy towards Russia by presenting political concept named “The Giedroyc doctrine”, created by Polish intellectuals on exile, when Poland was under Soviet domination. Although created a few decades ago, some elements of this doctrine are still surprisingly relevant today and may contribute to contemporary European debate. In particular, we argue that strengthening the prosperity, stability and security in Eastern Europe is possible only when Russia transforms itself into a prosperous and democratic state. Autocratic and neo-imperial Russia undermines any major pro-Western political changes in the region. Therefore, successful transformation of Russia into stable, prosperous and democratic state should be included into the long-term vision of European politicians who intend to keep Europe secure. All political activities in the Eastern neighbourhood should be subordinated to this. It means that economic support for Ukraine and strengthening cooperation with this country should not be a goal itself. Westernization of Ukraine ought to be perceived only as a beginning of political transformation of the whole region.
PL
Rosyjska interwencja w Donbasie i zabór Krymu spowodowały zasadniczą zmianę polityki Unii Europejskiej wobec jej wschodnich sąsiadów, i w tym samej Rosji. Głównym celem niniejszego artykułu jest wykazanie aktualności “Doktryny Giedroycia” w kontekście dyskusji nad nową strategią Unii Europejskiej (UE) wobec Federacji Rosyjskiej (FR). Zdaniem autorów, działania na rzecz wzrostu poziomu zamożności, stabilności i bezpieczeństwa w Europie Wschodniej tylko wtedy będą miały charakter trwały, kiedy w samej Rosji nastąpią przemiany demokratyczne. Autokratyczna i neo-imperialna Rosja będzie przeciwdziałać wszelkim pro-zachodnim zmianom w regionie. W tym kontekście, udana transformacja FR w kraj stabilny, zamożny i demokratyczny powinna być postrzegana jako długoterminowy cel Unii Europejskiej służący bezpieczeństwu kontynentu. Wskazane jest, aby ta wizja przyświecała wszystkim politycznym aktywnościom UE na obszarze wschodniego sąsiedztwa. Oznacza to, że pomoc gospodarcza dla Ukrainy i rozwój współpracy z tym państwem nie powinny być celem samym w sobie. Okcydentalizację Ukrainy należy bowiem postrzegać jako jedynie początek politycznej transformacji całego regionu.
EN
Russian intervention in Donbas and annexation of Crimea have triggered a fundamental revision of the EU policy towards Easter neighbourhood and Russia. The main goal of this paper is to develop discussion about the EU strategy towards Russia by presenting political concept named “The Giedroyc doctrine”, created by Polish intellectuals on exile, when Poland was under Soviet domination. Although created a few decades ago, some elements of this doctrine are still surprisingly relevant today and may contribute to contemporary European debate. In particular we argue that strengthening the prosperity, stability and security in Eastern Europe is possible only when Russia transforms itself into a prosperous and democratic state. Autocratic and neo-imperial Russia undermines any major pro-Western political changes in the region. Therefore, successful transformation of Russia into stable, prosperous and democratic state should be included into the long term vision of European politicians who intend to keep Europe secure. All political activities in the Eastern neighbourhood should be subordinated to this. It means that economic support for Ukraine and strengthening cooperation with this country should not be a goal itself. Westernization of Ukraine ought to be perceived only as a beginning of political transformation of the whole region.
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