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EN
The Slavonic theme was one of the important motifs in the reflection present in the Polish literature of the 19th century. It appeared in literary works, in journalism, and in literary criticism – taken up in several contexts: historiosophical, esthetic and political ones. Questions and controversies connected with it were formulated as early as the beginning of Romanticism in Kazimierz Brodziński’s and Zorian Dołęga Chodakowski’s treatises, and the Paris lectures on Slavic literature delivered by Adam Mickiewicz (1840-1844) were the most complete development of the subject. The motif can be found in works of every Polish writer belonging to the Romantic epoch. The present article both outlines the whole panorama and points to particular aspects of the Polish thought about Slavism and attempts to give an answer to the question about what position Norwid’s reflection has against this background, as in his works Slavic motifs with different intensity are present from the end of the 1840s to the last years of his life (the poem The Slav written in 1882). It points to both similarities to Brodziski’s, Mickiewicz’s, and Krasiński’s thought, and to an original character of Norwid’s reflection resulting first of all from the ever present in Norwid’s works tendency to confront Slavism with the Christian universalism. The values from the perspective of which Norwid takes up the subject are: freedom and hope understood not only in the political meaning, but also in the existential and religious sense. Such a view allowed the poet to avoid Slavophil tones and to maintain distrust of Pan-Slavism as a political doctrine. Analyses of Norwid’s works listed in the chronological order reveal the evolution of the poet’s ideological position: from hopes of a philosopher of history to doubts of an ironist. They also emphasized a multitude of aspects of this subject that are connected with the variety of ways to talk about it. Slavic motifs appear in dramatic mysteries (Wanda, Krakus) and in poems (e.g. The Song of Our Land, Chopin’s Piano, The Slav), in poetic treatises (Bondage, About Freedom of Speech), in discussions and letters.
EN
This analysis of selected novels and short stories by Józef Bogdan Dziekoński – Pająk [ The Spider], Siła woli [ Willpower], Piosnka [ A Simple Song], and Wyzwolenie zapaleńca [ The Liberation of Enthusiast] – shows that they share similar narrative structure based on the interception of messages sent by the narrator to an absent ideal recipient by an eaves-dropping intruder who gradually displaces the original addressee. Working within the framework of a romance story Dziekoński develops a philosophy of desire which accepts incompleteness, contingency and disillusionment. They combine in an affirmation of life and an opposition to morbid phantasies or the idea of irreplaceability of love in the myth of l'amour tristanien.
Ruch Literacki
|
2021
|
issue 6
803-819
EN
Tomasz Olizarowski (1811–1879) is a largely forgotten author, prolific poet and playwright, known only to a small group of specialists, who have recently started work on restoring his reputation. To do him justice is not easy task as we possess neither a complete list of his publications with basic textual and bibliographic data nor a reliable picture of the critical response they met with. While the body of materials on Olizarowski that have already been identified needs to be ordered and re-examined, the burden of work is growing as new items, also in bad need of verification, continue to surface both in Poland and abroad. This is a progress report of sorts with a number of updates, corrections and clarifications by the author of this article herself.
EN
In this interpretation of Juliusz Słowacki's ‘Snycerz był zatrudniony Dyjanny lepieniem…’ [The carver was busy shaping Diana's statue] the discussion focuses on his attitude to matter, especially as the material of art. The article argues that Słowacki elevates and even sacralises mud, the most lowly of raw materials, and thus exposes the falseness of the popular view that he despises matter, the base opposite of the spirit. However, it would be more accurate to say that in his vision, which is part of his Genesis from the Spirit philosophy, the path to salvation leads through the reconciliation of spirit and matter rather than a triumph of one over the other.
EN
The Slavonic theme was one of the important motifs in the reflection present in the Polish literature of the 19th century. It appeared in literary works, in journalism, and in literary criticism – taken up in several contexts: historiosophical, esthetic and political ones. Questions and controversies connected with it were formulated as early as the beginning of Romanticism in Kazimierz Brodziński’s and Zorian Dołęga Chodakowski’s treatises, and the Paris lectures on Slavic literature delivered by Adam Mickiewicz (1840-1844) were the most complete development of the subject. The motif can be found in works of every Polish writer belonging to the Romantic epoch. The present article both outlines the whole panorama and points to particular aspects of the Polish thought about Slavism and attempts to give an answer to the question about what position Norwid’s reflection has against this background, as in his works Slavic motifs with different intensity are present from the end of the 1840s to the last years of his life (the poem The Slav written in 1882). It points to both similarities to Brodziński’s, Mickiewicz’s, and Krasiński’s thought, and to an original character of Norwid’s reflection resulting first of all from the ever present in Norwid’s works tendency to confront Slavism with the Christian universalism. The values from the perspective of which Norwid takes up the subject are: freedom and hope understood not only in the political meaning, but also in the existential and religious sense. Such a view allowed the poet to avoid Slavophil tones and to maintain distrust of Pan-Slavism as a political doctrine. Analyses of Norwid’s works listed in the chronological order reveal the evolution of the poet’s ideological position: from hopes of a philosopher of history to doubts of an ironist. They also emphasized a multitude of aspects of this subject that are connected with the variety of ways to talk about it. Slavic motifs appear in dramatic mysteries (Wanda, Krakus) and in poems (e.g. The Song of Our Land, Chopin’s Piano, The Slav), in poetic treatises (Bondage, About Freedom of Speech), in discussions and letters.
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