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EN
The entry into force of the Agreement between the Republic of Poland and the Russian Federation on visa-free movement in 2012 caused an increase in border permeability, and hence a sudden increase in border crossings. The border which used to divide the neighbouring states started linking them instead. Crossing the border became part of the everyday life of local communities. Actors on both sides benefited from the commercial services of the other country. For Kaliningrad citizens, border-crossing points became gates to Europe, and for Poles, a resource improving the quality of life via petty trade. The aim of this article is to compare two border cities: Braniewo, a town located in the immediate vicinity of the border-crossing point, and Tri City, which has become a new border centre after the introduction of small border traffic. Two viewpoints on the effect of local border traffic are presented. The first is the perspective of a typical border city. The other is that of the effect of an increase in border permeability on a major urban centre – Tri-City.
XX
On 27 July 2012, entered into force an agreement between the Poland and Russia on small border traffic regime (MRG). Result of this agreement allows the inhabitants of border areas for multiple visa-free border crossing. Since the introduction of the MRG gains month after month more popularity. Motives of the trips of the residents of both areas are completely different, but the two nations become closer to each other, and build economic and social ties. The primary objective of this article is to determine the importance of small border traffic regime and its positive and negative effects. The article describes the future of the MRG and its importance to the economy of border zone Voivodeships and Kaliningrad Region of the Russian Federation. In the article were used descriptive method, and it presents the available statistics on traffic on the Polish-Russian border and secondary surveys of the MRG.
EN
Since 2004, the Polish-Russian border has been the EU external border. Until 2012 the border had been a line of separation, which restricted contacts between Kaliningrad Oblast and Poland. On 27th July, 2012 the agreement of local border traffic came into force and more and more Russians from Kaliningrad Oblast started visiting Polish border region as it is an attractive tourist destination.Additionally, more Poles have started crossing the border in order to buy cheaper petrol. In 2013 the number of people crossing the Polish-Russian border exceeded 6 million.The local border traffic has changed the landscape of Polish-Russian border region and has had a strong impact on Polish–Kaliningrad relations. The purpose of this paper is on the one hand to present new border regime on the Polish-Russian border. On the other hand, to show the impact of the new role of border on cross-border activities and socio-economic development of Polish borderland. The analysis is based on author’s own fieldwork conducted in Polish-Russian borderland in 2013–2014. The research has been done within the framework of the EUBORDERSCPARES project.
PL
W związku z wstąpieniem Polski w struktury Unii Europejskiej granica polsko-rosyjska stała się zewnętrzną granicą Wspólnoty, pełniącą ważne funkcje obronne dla wszystkich państw stowarzyszonych. Od 2003 roku na granicy polsko-rosyjskiej obowiązuje ruch wizowy, który przyczynił się do spadku aktywności transgranicznej. W 2012 roku w celu ułatwienia przekraczania granicy polsko-rosyjskiej, wprowadzono umowę o ruchu bezwizowym, która spowodowała gwałtowny wzrost jej przekroczeń. Porozumienie o małym ruchu granicznym stanowi element znoszenia ruchu wizowego na granicach unijno-rosyjskich. Jest zaledwie elementem dużego projektu, ale jego znaczenie dla funkcjonowanie granicy i pogranicza polsko-rosyjskiego, a także relacji Bruksela – Moskwa okazało się większe niż oczekiwano.Celem artykułu jest zobrazowanie zmienności funkcji granic i ich oddziaływania na pogranicza. W opracowaniu przedstawiono przekształcenia granicy polsko-rosyjskiej po wejściu w życie umowy o ruchu bezwizowym i jej wpływu na rozwój stref przygranicznych i aktywność transgraniczną mieszkańców objętych porozumieniem. W pracy zwrócono szczególną uwagę na zmieniającą się rolę granicy i jej wpływ na życie lokalnych społeczności.
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