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EN
The purpose of this article is to present a broad spectrum of relations between music and politics on the example of Polish presidential campaigns (1995–2015). The first part will show a current state of research signalised by many researchers from different scientific disciplines: from musicologists to political scientists and sociologists, as well as explain the topicality of the described problem. The next part will introduce a short overview of ways of using music with political aims, mentioned, for example, by Iwona Massaka in her dissertation Music as an Instrument of Political Impact. In this context, the author will characterise the most distinctive form of existence of music in a so-called “election song”—also in relation to Adorno’s theory of popular music. The conclusion is that the most important role in presidential campaigns is played by popular music, especially in a form of song. In that case, music tends to advertise political candidates in a way, as it can emphasize their intended image and influence a growth of support for a politician in a campaign.
EN
The purpose of this article is to present a broad spectrum of relations between music and politics on the example of Polish presidential campaigns (1995–2015). The first part will show a current state of research signalised by many researchers from different scientific disciplines: from musicologists to political scientists and sociologists, as well as explain the topicality of the described problem. The next part will introduce a short overview of ways of using music with political aims, mentioned, for example, by Iwona Massaka in her dissertation Music as an Instrument of Political Impact. In this context, the author will characterise the most distinctive form of existence of music in a so-called “election song” – also in relation to Adorno’s theory of popular music. The conclusion is that the most important role in presidential campaigns is played by popular music, especially in a form of song. In that case, music tends to advertise political candidates in a way, as it can emphasize their intended image and influence a growth of support for a politician in a campaign.
EN
Modern and technologically advanced political marketing campaigns are making increasing use of the Internet. Although now one can observe a growing interest in particular in Web 2.0 (social networking, YouTube, etc.), it is also the “old” online tools (e.g. banner ads) which play an important role in marketing strategies. The article presents the results of an experiment whose purpose was to evaluate the effect of a negative political banner on the image and support for the attacked party. The results indicate that the negative banners decrease ratings of the attacked party image. However, these changes depend on both the intentionality use of the particular Web page on which a banner was placed, as well as on the level of Internet “experience” of affected individuals.
PL
Nowoczesne i technologicznie zaawansowane polityczne kampanie marketingowe w coraz większym stopniu wykorzystują możliwości Internetu. Chociaż obecnie szczególnie wzrasta zainteresowanie Web 2.0 (sieci społecznościowe, YouTube, itp.), to jednak również „stare” online’owe narzędzia Internetowe są istotnym elementem strategii marketingowych. Artykuł przedstawia wyniki eksperymentu testującego skuteczność negatywnego baneru politycznego w zmianie ocen wizerunku i poparcia dla zaatakowanej w nim partii. Uzyskane wyniki wskazują, że negatywne banery obniżają oceny wizerunku zaatakowanej partii. Przy czym zmiany te zależą zarówno od intencjonalności korzystania ze strony Web, na której umieszczony był baner, jak również od internetowego „doświadczenia” badanych.
EN
In the article a hypothetical / predicted scenarios of the evolution of political marketing are presented as a consequence of the various phases of evolution of the market structure. The author presents in particular: (1) an analysis of development processes in politics as a philosophical issue, referring to the concept of Hegel, (2) reveals political processes from holistic perspective, (3) identifies the different phases of development of market evolution, (4) presents the in-depth hypotheses and (5) justify it by creating matrix of probability and significance various trends for the political market.
PL
Praca przedstawia identyfikację nowego zjawiska na rynku politycznym, jakim jest tworzenie produktów systemowych, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem jego występowania na poziomie lokalnym (samorządowym), wraz z oceną możliwości adaptacji koncepcji na poziomie krajowym i globalnym oraz wpływem wielordzeniowych, złożonych produktów politycznych na uzyskiwanie przewagi konkurencyjnej przez takie podmioty, jak partie, stowarzyszenia i ruchy wyborcze.
EN
The issue of systemic products on the political market is hardly recognized. Political marketing researchers mainly focuses on sociological and psychological aspects of the electoral decision-making. This article’s aim is, on the one hand, to define the systemic political product and present the types thereof, and on the other to present the circumstances that affected the development of completely new way to meet the needs of different types of political stakeholders. The paper presents identify a new phenomenon in the political market, with particular emphasis on its prevalence at the local (municipal) level and the possibility of adopting the concept at the national and global levels to obtain competitive advantage by such entities as parties, electoral associations and other political movements.
PL
Komunikowanie polityczne umożliwia podmiotom prezentację przyjętej strategii i taktyki oraz wywieranie wpływu na poglądy i zachowania polityczne jednostek i grup społecznych. Zarazem zapewnia ono wymianę informacji niezbędnych do orientacji w otoczeniu politycznym i określenia roli poszczególnych podmiotów, ich celów i dążeń. Komunikowanie polityczne przebiega w określonym kontekście sytuacyjnym, który wpływa na znaczenie przekazywanej informacji. Przekazy są zwykle nasycone emocjonalnie i zawierają bodźce skłaniające odbiorcę do określonych zachowań. W demokratycznym systemie politycznym proces komunikowania stanowi obszar wzajemnych oddziaływań informacji i idei przekazywanych przez polityków oraz aktywności politycznej społeczeństwa, co w sposób naturalny spaja potrzeby komunikowania się zarówno organizacji politycznych, jak i grup społecznych. Komunikowanie to nie jest jednostronne, jest dynamicznym, zwartym procesem i wzajemną relacją.
EN
The aim of this article is political campaign. In a democratic political system, the communication process is an area of the interaction of information and ideas transmittedtion by politicians and political activity of society, which naturally binds the communication needs of both political organizations and social groups.
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