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Kultura polityczna szlachty województwa połockiego na przełomie XVI–XVII wieku w świetle instrukcji sejmikowych

100%
Bortnik I.
Studia Interkulturowe Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej
|
2016
|
vol. 9
3-36
EN
The article is devoted to the analysis of the special character of the political culture in Polotsk Voivodship at the end of the 16th and the beginning of the 17th century. The research of these phenomena is based on the instructions for local parliaments (sejmiks) as a source base and provides for a distinction between three aspects: the attitude of the gentry towards the existing political system and its institutions; social and political values and norms of the gentry; the gentry’s response to decisions made by political institutions as well as its requirements and wishes towards the political system. The author has come to the conclusion that the political culture of the Polotsk gentry at the turn of the 16th and 17th century is characterized by high level of political activity.
2
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Kultura polityczna szlachty województwa połockiego na przełomie XVI–XVII wieku w świetle instrukcji sejmikowych

88%
Bortnik I.
Studia Interkulturowe Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej
|
2016
|
vol. 9
4-36
PL
The article is devoted to the analysis of the special character of the political culture in Polotsk Voivodship at the end of the 16th and the beginning of the 17th century. The research of these phenomena is based on the instructions for local parliaments (sejmiks) as a source base and provides for a distinction between three aspects: the attitude of the gentry towards the existing political system and its institutions; social and political values and norms of the gentry; the gentry’s response to decisions made by political institutions as well as its requirements and wishes towards the political system. The author has come to the conclusion that the political culture of the Polotsk gentry at the turn of the 16th and 17th century is characterized by high level of political activity.
3
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Wykaz przedmiotów z kościoła jezuitów w Połocku przetransportowanych w 1843 r. na zamek warszawski

51%
Morawski K.
Hereditas Monasteriorium
|
2013
|
vol. 3
337-346
EN
Under tsar Alexander I’s ukase of 13 March 1820, all members of the Jesuit order were forced to leave the territory of the Imperial Russia. Following this decision, the abandoned Jesuit church in Polotsk was taken over by the Piarists, and 20 years later it was transformed into an Orthodox temple. This conversion caused the equipment to be removed and transported to he former Royal Castle in Warsaw. The current source edition presents a list of objects from the Jesuit church in Polotsk drawn up in 1843, after they had been transported to Warsaw. The index comprises the information on the appearance, value, and number of the removed items which altogether constituted the entire decoration of the church. Among them one could find both altar paintings, as well as smaller objects, such as pieces of the so-called chalice linen. The document signed by the castle’s steward Leopold Gimbutt can be an important source for the research on the history of the Polotsk temple founded the Society of Jesus. Supplemented with the data from a 1855 inventory, included in the same card-board-bound unit, it may serve as an important contribution to the study of the subsequent fate of the pieces of the equipment from the Polotsk church. The list belongs to the collection of the Central Archives of Historical Records in Warsaw, fond Castle Steward, no. 57, Castle Steward’s Records Concerning Objects Left by the Polotsk Jesuits.
4
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Wyimki z biografii jezuitów białoruskich

51%
Nalepa M., Uniwersytet Rzeszowski W. F., marekn5@op.pl
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|
vol. 34
|
issue 4
EN
Empress Catherine II ignored Pope Clement XIV ’s suppression brief from 1773 and preserved the Belarusian branch of the Society of Jesus. The article draws attention to three important events in the history of this group: the Napoleonic campaign of 1812, restoration of the Order worldwide in 1814 and expulsion from Russia in 1820. These events are documented in sources which are discussed in the paper: an unfinished poem by Jan Mihanowicz, SJ, entitled Podróż XX. Jezuitów z Połocka do północnej Rosji w roku 1812 przed wejściem wojska francuskiego do Białej Rusi (The Trip of Jesuit Priests from Polotsk to Northern Russia in 1812 before the Advance of the French Army to Bela Rus) and the diaries of Jan Galicz, SJ, Wygnaniec z Białej Rusi (An Exile from Bela Rus).
5
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From IVDAEA CAPTA to LIVON(ia) POLOT(ia)Q(ue) RECEPTA. The reception of the famous reverse of Vespasian coins in Renaissance Poland.

45%
Awianowicz B., Awianowicz B.
Wiadomości Numizmatyczne
|
2019
6
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Życie codzienne wojska Rzeczpospolitej Obojga Narodów podczas kampanii moskiewskich w latach 1579 – 1582

38%
Małecki M.
Studia Elbląskie
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2017
|
vol. 18
179-205
EN
The article presents the daily life of soldiers during lasting three years war with the Grand Duchy of Moscow. For legal and military matters, during each war campaign, legal acts called military articles were issued. The main military command consisted of crown and Lithuanian hetmans. Each expedition was attended by a large number of army in the range of 40 – 50 thousands soldiers, and their combat value was at a satisfactory level. The morale of the army depended on many factors, among which we can mention: financial issues, weather, road quality, diseases or spiritual matters. High costs of the war resulted that in theneed to finance the expeditions, in addition to tax collection, funds from the loans were also needed. Mercenary soldiers were obtained mainly from German states and Hungary. Duringthe march, the army was divided into two groups in order to, among other things, reduce the problem of food. The main disadvantage of the route of the march was a thick forest, whichhas been deliberately planted on the orders of Ivan IV. Soldiers during all three campaigns were badly provisioned, which was particularly evident during the Pskov campaign.
PL
W artykule przedstawione zostało życie codzienne żołnierzy podczas toczącej się przez trzy lata wojny z Wielkim Księstwem Moskiewskim. Dla uregulowania spraw karnych i wojskowych podczas każdej kampanii wojennej wydawano akty prawne nazywane artykułami wojskowymi. Główne dowództwo wojskowe składało się z hetmanów koronnych i litewskich. W każdej wyprawie brała udział duża ilość wojska mieszcząca się w granicach 40–50 tysięcy żołnierzy, a ich wartość bojowa znajdowała się na zadowalającym poziomie. Morale armii zależały od wielu czynników, wśród których możemy wymienić: kwestie finansowe, stan pogody, jakość dróg, choroby czy też sprawy duchowe. Duże koszty wojenne powodowały, że dla sfinansowania wypraw oprócz poboru podatku potrzebne były również środki pochodzące z pożyczek. Żołnierzy zaciężnych pozyskiwano głównie z krajów niemieckich oraz Węgier. Wojsko podczas przemarszu dzielono na dwie grupy, starano się przez to zmniejszyć między innymi problem wyżywienia. Główną niedogodnością na trasie przemarszu był gęsty las, który został celowo zasadzony na rozkaz Iwana IV. Żołnierze podczas wszystkich trzech kampanii byli źle zaprowiantowani co szczególnie uwidoczniło się podczas kampanii Pskowskiej.
7
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Места памяти Полоцка: на перекрестках культурных традиций

38%
Воронин В.
Rocznik Lituanistyczny
|
2020
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vol. 6
EN
In the Middle Ages and the Early Modern era, there was a number of recognisable sites of remembrance in Polotsk. The cult of princes and saints originated in the period of Old Rus’, while in times of the Great Duchy of Lithuania the sites were not only complemented with new analogues, but also with the municipal and land symbols, including the land’s name White Rus’, and others. From the turn of the sixteenth century, the Polotsk memorial places were increasingly influenced by the West European culture.
PL
W epoce średniowiecza i wczesnej nowożytności w Połocku istniało wiele rozpoznawalnych miejsc pamięci. Kult książąt i świętych miał metrykę staroruską, a w czasach Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego uzupełniony został nie tylko o nowsze odpowiedniki, ale także o symbolikę miejską i ziemską, o nazwę krainy Biała Ruś i inne. Od przełomu XV i XVI w. coraz bardziej zauważalny był wpływ kultury Zachodu na miejsca pamięci Połocka. В эпоху Средневековья и раннего Нового времени в Полоцке существовал ряд узнаваемых мест памяти. От древнерусской эпохи вели свое происхождение культы князей и святых, во времена Великого княжества Литовского этот ряд был дополнен не только их более новыми аналогами, но также городской и земельной символикой, названием края Белая Русь и прочим. С рубежа XV–XVI веков места памяти Полоцка испытывали на себе все более заметное влияние западной культуры.
8
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Wyimki z biografii jezuitów białoruskich

38%
Nalepa M.
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Litteraria Polonica
|
2016
|
vol. 34
|
issue 4
103-130
EN
Empress Catherine II ignored Pope Clement XIV ’s suppression brief from 1773 and preserved the Belarusian branch of the Society of Jesus. The article draws attention to three important events in the history of this group: the Napoleonic campaign of 1812, restoration of the Order worldwide in 1814 and expulsion from Russia in 1820. These events are documented in sources which are discussed in the paper: an unfinished poem by Jan Mihanowicz, SJ, entitled Podróż XX. Jezuitów z Połocka do północnej Rosji w roku 1812 przed wejściem wojska francuskiego do Białej Rusi (The Trip of Jesuit Priests from Polotsk to Northern Russia in 1812 before the Advance of the French Army to Bela Rus) and the diaries of Jan Galicz, SJ, Wygnaniec z Białej Rusi (An Exile from Bela Rus).
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