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Cmentarz Powązkowski w Warszawie

100%

Fijałkowski W.

Ochrona Zabytków

2000

issue 3

223-233

The Warsaw cemetery of Powązki is one of the oldest and largest national necropolises in Poland. Founded “outside” eighteenth-century Warsaw on land offered to the capital by starosta Melchior Szymanowski, it was created thanks to the financial support of King Stanisław August, his brother Primate Michał Poniatowski, the Grand Crown Chancellor Bishop Antoni Okęcki and many other prominent persons. The outlay of the cemetery together with a project of the church and catacombs for high ranking persons was designed by the royal architect Domenico Merlini. The originally small terrain of the necropolis, which at the end of the eighteenth century totalled merely 2,5 hectares, grew almost twenty fold, and in the first half of the nineteenth century reached the size of 43 hectares. The successive expansion of the cemetery was accompanied by an enlargement of the cemetery church and the catacombs. The Powązki necropolis, devised as a great pantheon and the burial site of hundreds of men rendered immemorial in the history of Poland, her culture, art, science, education and economy, became also the site of a special display of numerous magnificent monuments of sepulchral art. It contains many works representing all artistic styles and trends dominating during the last two hundred years in architecture, sculpture and the decorative arts. The authors of these works include celebrated Polish architects and sculptors as well as masters of metal and artistic masonry. During the last world war and occupation, and especially the Warsaw Uprising of 1944, the cemetery and its monuments became seriously devastated. In the wake of postwar reconstruction, the salvage and conservation of the most valuable tombs and gravestones became the domain of work pursued by the Social Committee of Care for Old Powązki, established by Jerzy Waldorff. Thanks to the efforts of the Committee and its creator, it was possible to save from oblivion more than a thousand objects (1974-1999).

Geneza artystyczna pomnika nagrobnego Józefa Frageta na Starych Powązkach

58%

Wiraszka M.

Saeculum Christianum. Pismo Historyczne

2015

vol. 22

229-240

Neoclassical mausoleum of Józef Fraget (1797-1867) commemorating a French industrial entrepreneur and the founder of the first factory of clad goods in Poland was constructed at Old Powązki Cemetery in Warsaw between 1867 and 1869 (quarter A, row I). The author of the torso is Leonard Marconi, and the mold is believed to have been made by the “Lilpop, Rau i Loewenstein” factory in Warsaw. The original project embraced only the top, cast iron part of the tomb in the form of Doric aedicule with entablature and triangular pediment as well as the marble torso placed on prism pedestal located among four columns. The bottom, stone part, was executed later, approximately in 1913 in Władysław Tuszyński stone enterprise. The Mausoleum of Fraget is a replica of the monument situated in Berlin at St. Doro-thy’s Cemetery commemorating Johann August Borsig (1804-1854), the owner of the well-established metal factory in Europe. Its designer was an architect from Berlin, an appren-tice of Schinkl, Johann Heinrich Strack, and the maker of the bronze torso mold was a sculp-tor Christian Daniel Rauch. Three other mausoleums originated from the same model: the Brand family mausoleum at the Metallurgical Cemetery in Gliwice, (between 1865 and 1890), Tomas Evans mausoleum at the Evangelical Reformed Cemetery in Warsaw (second half of the 60s. the XIX century, currently non-existent) and in its slightly modified form, the tomb of the architect J. H. Strack at the St Dorothy’s Cemetery in Berlin (1880-1882). All the above-mentioned mausoleums except the monument decorating the tomb of the architect Strack, commemorated personalities from metallurgical industry. The particularity of the mausoleum of Józef Fraget consists in the use of cast iron as the main constructing element. It is a distinctive feature differing the mausoleum in question from the remaining exemplary monuments made of stone.

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1 Ochrona Zabytków

1 Saeculum Christianum. Pismo Historyczne

1 Fijałkowski W.

1 Wiraszka M.

1 2015

1 2000

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Cmentarz Powązkowski w Warszawie

Geneza artystyczna pomnika nagrobnego Józefa Frageta na Starych Powązkach