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Zachycení výstavby textu v Pražském závislostním korpusu

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Zikánová Š., Poláková L., Jínová P., Nedoluzhko A., Rysová M., Mírovský J., Hajičová E.
Slovo a slovesnost: časopis pro otázky teorie a kultury jazyka (Slovo a slovesnost: A journal for the theory of language and language cultivation)
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2015
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vol. 76
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issue 3
163-198
EN
Language corpora annotation schemes cover various layers of sentence description nowadays – from morphology to semantics. Annotation projects concerning phenomena beyond the sentence boundaries, however, started to attract the attention of corpus linguists only recently. In the present contribution, we describe a unified approach to analysis of discourse phenomena, aimed and developed for a large-scale annotation of Czech empirical data of the Prague Dependency Treebank. This approach is based on two fundamental pillars: (i) it exploits the results of one of the first complex schemes for discourse annotation proposed and realized in the Penn Discourse Treebank for English; (ii) it follows the Praguian Functional Generative Description and treebanking tradition, taking advantage of the tectogrammatical (underlying) layer of sentence analysis and extending it to a full discourse-level description. Our analysis concentrates on two major aspects of discourse coherence: (i) on discourse relations (semantic relations between discourse segments) and discourse connectives as their lexical anchors; and (ii) on coreference and the so-called bridging anaphora. We present a detailed description of the annotation scheme and procedure, address individual problematic issues and offer basic corpus statistics and annotation evaluation.
2
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Koreference a typy reference v češtině

80%
Pergler J.
Studie z aplikované lingvistiky - Studies in Applied Linguistics
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2014
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vol. 5
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issue 1
7-26
EN
The article deals with coreference relations in Czech and their classification based on the classification of reference types. First, we define the notion of coreference, putting stress on the distinction between coreference and endophora. Then the scheme of reference and coreference used in the annotation of the coreferential relations in the Prague Dependency Treebank (PDT) is presented, where two types of coreferential relations are applied: the type SPEC and the type GEN. Analyzing several examples, we argue that this scheme is not capable of describing more complicated reference relations, which results especially from the too broad definition of the type GEN. Hence we suggest an alternative classification of the types of reference, employing two independent criteria: the criterion of genericity and the criterion of specificity, so that four types of reference are established: specific individual, non-specific individual, specific generic and non-specific generic. We deal with each of these four types in detail, and finally, we show how this classification can be used when capturing coreference relations in text.
3
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Pragmatické aspekty v popisu textové koherence

80%
Poláková L., Synková P.
Naše řeč (Our Speech)
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2021
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vol. 104
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issue 4
225-242
EN
The study presents a qualitative analysis of pragmatic discourse relations as annotated in Czech texts of the Prague Dependency Treebank. A detailed study of these relations (as opposed to semantic relations) with their widest contexts reveals a considerable diversity and shows some space for improvement in the annotation scheme. We address and evaluate approaches dealing with subjectivity and inferential processes in the analysis of coherence. The starting points of the analysis are the extent and the way of author involvement in relation to the content and structuring of a text, and an analysis of inferences. Based on these considerations, we propose a possible finer division of relations marked as pragmatic into subjective epistemic ones, subjective ones with a relation to a speech act, relations with complex inferences, and corrupted coherence (because of too much of an inferential load or even articulation ineptitude of the author). The new perspective on these phenomena aims at an enhancement of the descriptive apparatus for a coherence-oriented corpus analysis.
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