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EN
The author of the article shows the principles that governed the division of ceremonies and rituals of ostentation of power in the Czech central space between the 10th until the 12th century. He deals with the issue of idealized valuation of two Czech centers of power at those time: Prague and Vyšehrad. He also analyses what were the conditions for choosing the place for the residences of the ruler. The conclusion of the deliberations – simplifying the wide problem – is to say that the power for its ceremonies needed the space that was free of alien interference. In Prague resided the bishop who was partially independent from the monarch’s power. Therefore, many Czech rulers preferred to reside in Vyšehrad.
PL
Autor artykułu opisuje zasady, jakie decydowały o podziale ceremonii i rytuałów ostentacji władzy w przestrzeni centralnej Czech X–XII w. Zajmuje go zarówno kwestia ideowego wartościowania dwóch miejsc centralnych ówczesnych Czech (Pragi i Wyszehradu), jak i przesłanki stojące za wyborem na stolicę wczesnego państwa i rezydencję władcy. Konkluzją rozważań – upraszczającą rozległy problem – jest stwierdzenie, że władza dla swoich ceremoniałów potrzebowała miejsca wolnego od obcej ingerencji. W Pradze rezydował biskup tylko częściowo zależny od monarchy, dlatego czeski władca często wolał rezydować na Wyszehradzie.
EN
The goal of this article is to show the narration contexts in which a medieval author set strongholds by referring to the following terms: oppidum, castrum or urbs, castellum, possibly civitas. I highlight the frequency with which selected medieval writers mentioned one centre or another. In the article I ponder a question if selected chroniclers’ narrations could indicate a regularity which helps to establish the function performed by a stronghold for the benefit of its ruler accounted most frequently.
EN
Euphemia (d. 1111) was the wife of Otto I the Fair, prince of Moravia. After her husbands’ death, she ruled as a regent for her minor sons. Together with her offspring, she issued two types of denarii. The present article aims to distinguish the iconography of these coins and of the models they were likely to be based on, to establish th context of their creation and determine the propaganda message they conveyed.
EN
This paper gives details on a feature uncovered during archaeological research in Ostrów Tumski in Poznań, which yielded crucibles with particles of gold, fragments of gold foil, filigree, rivets, semi-finished products and finished products and beads from decorative stones. The feature was identified as a goldsmith’s workshop and attempts were made to determine the origin of the raw materials and where the artisans came from.
EN
The goal of this article is to indicate the political circumstances which led to the Czech king’s assumption of the Prague throne as an oath of fealty to the ruler of the Reich. The article discusses the political situation in the late 10th and the early 11th centuries: the weakness of Bohemia following the death of Boleslaus II, the power of Bolesław the Brave and the circumstances accompanying his occupation of Prague together with king Henry II’s interference in Czech affairs.
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