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1

“Ethics” of Interval

100%

Bejan P.

Human and Social Studies

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2014

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vol. 3

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issue 3

67-74

EN

In the Christian imaginary, the ternary representation of the universe is reiterated by appealing either to the Platonic texts, or to the Stoic ones. The triadic scheme of the worlds certifies an ambiguous status of man, of an individual placed neither here nor there, by the force of some circumstances which he cannot resist. Situated at equal distance from sidereal heights - credited as having the monopoly on perfection - and from the terrifying shadows, managed in a totalitarian manner by the instances of evil, in “the world between the worlds”, he thinks of the interval as of a space of communication, filled with signs, shapes and characters, by means of which distances can be “neared, compressed and “humanised”. Each step, stage, climb or descent is perceived as a “rupture of level”, as overcoming of the human condition by assuming a trans-mundane axiological repertoire

2

„Czyściec na ziemi” – możliwość, natura i skutki

86%

Kulik B.

Polonia Sacra

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2021

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vol. 25

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issue 2

EN

The aim of this article is to remind us that in the light of what the Magisterium of the Church, the Theologians and the Mystics declare, it is worth considering the so-called „Purgatory on Earth”, which is a conscious and voluntary process of purification from the consequences of sins, which if not fulfilled before death, will have its completion after it, in the state called Purgatory. The article consists of three parts, which consecutively discuss: the possibility, the nature, and the effects of the so-called „Purgatory on Earth” and it closes with a practical conclusion to encourage responsible involvement in one’s own spiritual development.

PL

Celem artykułu jest przypomnienie, że w świetle wypowiedzi Magisterium Kościoła, teologów i mistyków warto podjąć refleksję nad tzw. „czyśćcem na ziemi”, czyli świadomym i dobrowolnym procesem oczyszczania się z konsekwencji grzechów, który jeśli nie zostanie ukończony przed śmiercią, swoje dopełnienie będzie miał po niej, w stanie nazywanym czyśćcem. Artykuł składa się z trzech części omawiających kolejno: możliwość, naturę i skutki tzw. „czyśćca na ziemi”, a zostaje zwieńczony wnioskiem natury praktycznej, zachęcającym do odpowiedzialnego zaangażowania we własny rozwój duchowy.

3

Roman Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy: Can linguistic and semiotic analysis clarify their contrasts?

86%

Sullivan W. J., Tsiang S.

Linguistics Beyond and Within

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2017

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vol. 3

187-194

EN

The western and eastern branches of Christianity, broadly speaking Roman Catholicism (RC) and Eastern Orthodoxy (EO), have been formally separate for almost a millennium. Yet they share the fundamental dogmas laid down by the first ecumenical councils. History and politics are entwined in the disputes since the Great Schism of 1054, but even earlier there was controversy over basic dogmatic questions and other doctrinal matters. Some, like using leavened or unleavened bread for Consecration, are now considered “matters of custom,” not requiring argument. Other matters are said to block reunification. One of these is Purgatory, for which EO does not even have a term, making a direct comparison difficult. We begin our analysis with the RC teachings on Purgatory, its locus, characteristics, and functions, and provide a simple relational network that shows Purgatory in relation to the afterlife, in particular to Heaven and Hell. With EO we begin with the teachings about life after death and provide a first approximation of Heaven and Hell and their relation to Paradise and Hades, both in characteristics and functions. Again, a simple relational network is enlightening. A surface comparison between the two networks distinguishes between those beliefs about the afterlife that are shared between RC and EO and those parts which house differences. It is these differences that must be subject to careful semiotic analysis to discover whether they are etic and possibly serious but not grounds for mutual excommunication or emic and a true barrier to reunification. We leave the possibly lengthy semiotic analysis for a subsequent study.

4

Nauka o očistci na Tridentském koncilu

72%

Bužek R.

Studia theologica

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2013

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vol. 15

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issue 4

200-213

EN

During the high Middle Ages, in the context of discussions concerning the union between the Western and Eastern Churches, at the Second Council of Lyon and at the Council of Florence, the Catholic doctrine of Purgatory was defined. At the beginning of the modern ages, faith in postmortem purification was first contested by Protestant theologians and it was also condemned because it was impossible to consolidate it with Luther’s christological thesis of justification. In the sessions of the Council of Trent dealing with the demands for reform of the Church and with many doctrinal questions, the Council’s father had to face questions respecting Purgatory in connection with the doctrine of justification and with the sacrificial character of the mass. In the context of the Doctrine of Justification, a dogmatical sentence was approved. The Decree on Purgatory was revealed from the discussions during the last session. The Doctrine of postmortem purification is summarized and the disciplinary directions for bishops concerning propagation of this faith in between believers are stated.

5

Revenanti v exemplech českojazyčné literatury 17. a 18. století. Pokus o typologii exemplových narativů s tématy návratu mrtvých

72%

Havelka T.

Historie – Otázky – Problémy (History, Issues, Problems)

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2019

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vol. 11

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issue 1

81-96

EN

The study deals with examples of revenants in the Bohemical Catholic early modern religious prose of the 17th and 18th centuries (postils, eschatological literature, catechisms). It notes the relations between medieval and early modern productions, in particular by transforming visual and audial motifs, and a new emphasis on the verification of history (sources, dating). The main part of the study is a typology of the narrative: the dead appear because of confession (especially imperfect, to show its importance for salvation); to prove the judgment of God (of a supposedly virtuous man); to complete a task or agreement concluded in life. The greatest number of narratives describe the return of revenants from Purgatory to inform people of its form, time in Purgatory, punishment. The revenants help the living or demand help for themselves. The conclusion of the study is devoted to the displacement of revenant history from spiritual literature at the end of the 18th century. This change is illustrated by the views of a south Bohemian teacher, Antonín Borový

6

Shakespeare. Stwarzanie świata Stephena Greenblatta, czyli odkrywczość kulturowej mozaiki

72%

Krystek J.

Poznańskie Studia Polonistyczne. Seria Literacka

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2019

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issue 35

421-438

EN

The article is an attempt to analyze the narrative and methodological techniques of new historicism. The basis for the analysis was Stephan Greenblatt’s book Will In the Word. How Shakespeare Became Shakespeare, especially because of of creating biographical and intercultural areas. The author of the analysis follows the relations between the truth of narration and historical truth and tries to determine the constituent elements of Hamlet’s author. The author of the analysis traced the relations between two truths: the truth of the historical time and the truth of the narrative time.

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1 Historie – Otázky – Problémy (History, Issues, Problems)

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1 Studia theologica

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