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Wpływ ryzyka pogodowego na wartość usług ekosystemowych

100%
Michalak D., Katedra Ekonomii Rozwoju I. E.
Gospodarka w Praktyce i Teorii
|
2014
|
vol. 4(37)
PL
Zasoby naturalne i ekosystemy, które ich dostarczają stanowią podstawę naszych działań gospodarczych, decydują o jakości naszego życia oraz spójności społecznej. Jednak sposób, w jaki organizujemy nasze systemy gospodarcze nie uwzględnia w dostatecznym stopniu następującej zależności – gospodarka nie może istnieć bez środowiska, natomiast środowisko doskonale radzi sobie bez gospodarki. Koncepcja usług ekosystemowych jest jednym z narzędzi do prowadzenia dyskusji na temat zależności społeczeństwa od przyrody. Umożliwia w sposób syntetyczny przedstawienie powiązań między podstawowymi koncepcjami ekologicznymi i ekonomicznymi oraz łączną analizę tych dwóch podsystemów. Jednym z najgroźniejszych skutków postępujących zmian klimatycznych jest nasilenie się ilości i siły ekstremalnych zjawisk pogodowych, które powodują straty nie tylko czysto ekonomiczne i społeczne, ale i przyrodnicze. Ponadto efektem zmian klimatycznych są anomalia pogodowe, lecz także zmiany charakteru aury, co również istotnie wpływa na wartość usług ekosystemowych. Pojawia się pytanie, w jakim stopniu warunki meteorologiczne wpływają na wartość usług ekosystemowych. Czy analiza taka jest możliwa do przeprowadzenia? Celem niniejszego artykułu jest określenie wpływu ryzyka pogodowego na wartość usług ekosystemowych. Niestety brak odpowiednich narzędzi gromadzenia danych na temat strat przyrodniczych wywołanych ekstremalnymi zjawiskami pogodowymi uniemożliwia przeprowadzanie analiz wpływu ryzyka pogodowego na wartość usług ekosystemowych. Na ten moment możliwa jest jedynie teoretyczna polemika. Podane przykłady strat w rolnictwie wywołanych zdarzeniami pogodowymi o charakterze katastroficznym i niekatastroficznym wskazują na konieczność konstrukcji odpowiednich instrumentów wspomagających raportowanie powstałych strat.
EN
Natural resources provide by ecosystems are the basis of our economic activities and determine the quality of life and social cohesion. However, the way in which we organize our economies, not sufficiently taken into account the following relationship – the economy can not exist without the environment and the environment copes well without the economy. The concept of ecosystem services is one of the tools to conduct a discussion on the relationship of society from nature. It allows a concise representation of the relationship between the basic concepts of ecological and economical and the total analysis of these two subsystems. The question is: how do weather conditions affect the value of ecosystem services? Does such an analysis is feasible? The purpose of this article is a polemic on the impact of weather risk on the value of ecosystem services. What is worth emphasizing one of the most dangerous effects of climate change is progressive worsening of the quantity and strength of extreme weather events that cause losses not only purely a social and economic but also natural. In addition, the effect of climate change are not only weather anomalies but also changes the nature of the weather, which also significantly affect the value of ecosystem services. Unfortunately, because of the lack of appropriate tools to collect data on natural losses caused by extreme weather makes it is impossible to carry out analyzes of the impact of weather risk on the value of ecosystem services. At the moment is only possible theoretical polemic. The examples are given in agriculture losses caused by weather events of catastrophic and not catastrophic indicate the need to design appropriate instruments to support reporting of losses incurred.
2

Multiple-perspective Reorganisation of the Dairy sector: Mathematical Programming Approach

84%
Kocjančič T., Žgajnar J., Juvančič L.
Business Systems Research Journal
|
2016
|
vol. 7
|
issue 2
35-48
EN
Background: Agriculture is a production system in which the economic principles of organisation act in mutual dependence with its ecological boundaries. Objectives: Building on this premise, the paper evaluates performance of a chosen agricultural production system (dairy production in Slovenia) from two complementary perspectives, the socio-economic and the biophysical. Methods/Approach: The latter is presented by means of emergy analysis, which is a system-based approach that measures the aggregate work of biosphere needed for the provision of goods or services in the units of solar energy joules. The novelty aspect of this paper is the introduction of emergy indicators into the standard socioeconomic optimisation model of the chosen agricultural production system. The optimisation model based on linear mathematical programming is designed to empirically investigate different alternatives to the sector’s reorganisation. Results: The results of the optimisation models suggest considerable restructuring of the sector and, consequently, large discrepancies in the sector’s performance. Conclusions: The results suggest that further expansion of organic production systems as a result of a stronger environmental focus in farm management would improve the sector from both, the socio-economic and the emergy perspective. Moreover, even pursuing certain socio-economic targets may improve the sector’s biophysical performance and lower pressure on the local environment.
3

A Profile of Romanian Highly Educated Eco-Consumers Interested in Product Recycling A Statistical Approach

84%
Simionescu M.
Folia Oeconomica Stetinensia
|
2014
|
vol. 13
|
issue 2
158-170
EN
The objective of this research is to create a profile of the Romanian eco-consumer with university education. The profile is not limited to the information regarding environmental and economic benefits of recycling, but focuses on ecological behaviour. A detailed statistical analysis was made based on a large representative sample of respondents with secondary and university education. Indeed, the tendency of practical ecobehaviour becomes more pronounced for the people with university education. For people that are more than 30 years old the chance of being aware of the significance of the recycling symbols on the packages decreases, the lowest chance being given to people aged more than 50. The respondents that are interested in environment protection buy products with ecological symbols. However, those people who already know the meaning of these symbols do not buy this type of products for ecological reasons, even if they are interested in the environment protection. This research also offers an extensive description of its results, being an opportunity for the respondents to know more about the meaning of the recycling symbols. The results of this research also provide information being a guideline for consumers. This study achieves two main goals: the ecological component (the eco-consumers were identified and ordinary consumers were attracted through the ecological behaviour) and the economic aspect (the resources allocation will be more efficient and the marketers will be able to address ecoconsumers who have specific characteristics).
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