The author evaluates social and artistic identity of Wang Yuanqi (1642-1715), one of the most important and influential artists of the Qing Orthodox School of painting in China. Four main social roles played by the painter are anlysed in detail: that of a high ranking court official, a literati artist, a professional painter at court, and an arts theorist. Evidence of Wang's activity in each of the related fields is given and discussed, showing a complex nature of the painter's legacy. Wang's biggest achievement seems to be the ultimate transmission of Chinese literati culture onto Manchu court and a shift of imperial artistic tastes. Contrary to some common beliefs, his art was that of transformation and reinterpretation, rather than that of imitation and repetition.
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