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EN
The term quality of life is difficult to define accurately, because it combines many different aspects, including economic, sociological, psychological and even these belonging to political science. Reflections on the quality of life appeared somewhere half of the twentieth century and are associated with attempts to realize the idea of so-called welfare economics, calling for the achievement of such economic development of the country in which the welfare state might occur. And then came the idea that quality of life is determined by the Gross Domestic Product index. But when discussing this issue, it turned out that one must also consider the Human Development Index, indicating the perspectives of other disciplines on this issue. So, the quality of life combines among other satisfaction of life, which is determined by many other factors.
EN
Introduction: Obesity afflicts approximately 3,000,000 people in Poland. Co-morbidities develop mainly in connection with morbid obesity. Bad health conditions connected with obesity may decrease the health-related quality of life (HRQOL). A body mass index of 30-34 kg/m2, along with co-morbidities, could be a reco-mmendation for surgical treatment. Reduction of body mass may cause recovery or symptoms relief. Bariatric surgery is currently the most effective method of morbid obesity treatment. Purpose: To evaluate the quality of life of patients after bariatric treatment. Materials and methods: Research material was gathered in the 1st Department of General and Endocrinological Surgery, University Hospital in Bialystok, by applying standardized BAROS among 108 patients after bariatric treatment. The study group included 73 women (67.6%) and 35 men (32.4%), between 20 and 60 years old (average age ± 40 years), and with a BMI of 41-52 (average BMI 45.5). Results: In 18 patients (16.6%) laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB) was applied, in 58 (53.8%) sleeve gastrectomy was performed, and in 32 patients (29.6%) Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) was applied. Significant difference (p<0. 0001) was stated in BMI according to the type of procedure. A higher reduction of BMI was obtained after RYGB than after LAGB and sleeve gastrectomy. Evaluation of quality of life was conducted six months after the surgery. No significant difference (p>0.05) was found in the quality of life depending on the surgery type. Complications that occurred after surgeries did not significantly influence the subjective evaluation of quality of life. Conclusions: The quality of life of the patients did not improve 6 months after bariatric surgery. This did not differ independently of weight loss in patients or of the type of surgery performed. Verifying obtained results after a longer period of time following the surgery is suggested
EN
Aim of this article is to introduce the concept of the ecological footprint, which is an expression of the environmental load and appropriation of its resources. For this purpose, the method used descriptive statistics and data analysis the studied phenomenon on a global scale. Currently living on ecological credit to satisfy their needs we need over 1.5 planets. Already today it requires concrete action towards sustainable trace the development and maintenance of 1.8 gha
EN
Introduction: Urinary incontinence in women, in reference to the International Continence Society, is defined as an involuntary, uncontrollable, unwitting leakage of urine causing significant hygienic problems as well as physical and social discomfort. Purpose: To identify the major health problems of urinary incontinent women, the estimation of life quality determined by health in the aspect of physical and psychological existence, social interaction and environment influence, and to evaluate the patient’s agility and coping abilities in everyday life. Material and methods: The study was carried out at J. Sniadecki District Hospital and Medical University of Białystok Clinical Hospital in 2012. The study included 107 urinary incontinent women, and 93 continent women formed the control group. The World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL-BREF) and King's Health Questionnaire (KHQ) were used. Results: The evaluation of general satisfaction from the quality of life and health satisfaction carried out in the examined group shows significantly worse values as compared to the healthy group of women (p=0.02 and p=0.003, relatively). Moreover, the group of women examined as compared to controls is characterized by significantly lower average results of the subjective estimation of the quality of life in the following aspects: physical (p=0.001), psychological (p=0.03), environmental (p=0.004), and social relations (p=0.002). A significant inverse correlation between the influence of an illness on particular aspects of existence taken into account in the KHQ questionnaire and the life quality level measured by the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire was demonstrated. Conclusions: Women with urinary incontinence had lower scores of life quality. Urinary incontinence among women decreases physical activity and negatively affects their psychological and emotional conditions, as well as their professional and social activity.
EN
An increase of obesity and overweight rates represents a major problems for individuals and social policies in developed countries. Obese individuals face stigmatization, health problems and discrimination, have lower chances for employment of higher positions and lower incomes. There are many reasons to believe that the quality of their life is relatively lower. In the study Body Mass Index was used as a measure of weight, and: happiness, life satisfaction and depression - as measures of quality of life. The study of adult Poles provides evidences overweight and obese individuals are not less happy or satisfied with their life than others.
EN
This paper deals with the origins, security, history of the Slovak-Ukrainian border, which in 2007 became the part of the Schengen Area. Which can be considered part of the civilizational boundaries, as well as a significant geopolitical phenomenon. We focused on this part of the Schengen border in particular, as it has been through many changes in the last century. These conditions have many impacts on everyday life of inhabitants of border area. We try to approximate the impact of borders through a partial analysis of a questionnaire survey, questions of satisfaction with the place and with life in in border villages. We also pay attention to the border definition and the national border specifically, since we regard it as a significant socio-economical phenomenon, which affects its neighbouring areas.
EN
The work for persons with disabilities should be treated as a key element of empowerment in both the economic aspect, as well as psychosocial. Dependence on others is in fact one of the most painful experiences of people with disabilities significantly impairing the quality of their lives. In the current economic situation, people with disabilities and their relatives often suffer from various problems. The possibility of overcoming them is highly dependent on the support they receive from others.
EN
The quality of life can be seen as the difference betvween individual expectations and what human being can actually achieved in its life. The smaller the difference, the higher the quality of life. The objective consideration of the quality of life of the recipiens of social services is an appropriate tool in the assessment of the level and quality of social services.
EN
This paper presents some results of the study employing the Quality of Life (QOL) index that was initiated in China during 1980s. Currently, some progress has been made in the research field. For one thing, many researchers defined QOL as a composite structure which included subjective and objective elements. Considerable summary of well-being indices has been constructed from different analysis units (e.g., cities, province, and nations). For another, statistical methods played an important part in determining the weights of these indices, either objective weighting or subjective weighting. This paper defines the concept of QOL as the quality of people's being, which is used in analyzing the well-being of people' living condition and also reflected their subjective well-being to the living condition. Based on this concept, an analytical system of Chinese people's well-being was elaborated. 115 indices from five aspects reflecting the characteristics of the Chinese people's objective well-being have been initially proposed. Economic well-being, health and basic survival well-being, social well-being, cultural well-being, political well-being and environmental well-being have been taken into consideration. Through the analysis of content validity of experts and correlation analysis, 58 indices were selected. The weights of the subjective and objective indices were determined through analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and principal component method respectively. By combining the weight coefficients obtained from the two approaches, the composite indicator of Chinese people’s objective well-being was performed and the objective well-being level of 30 Chinese provinces was evaluated.
EN
This paper is based on a transformed concept of development: from a concept of development that is single-dimensional, concrete, and mainly quantitative, into one that is multidimensional. We focus on the components of development, the measurement of which includes qualitative observations of its effect on final beneficiaries. Because a useful understanding of development policies requires an evaluation of all the different metrics that emerge, we evaluate the development indices of 19 Latin American countries. The most recent theoretical perspectives link development to both liberal philosophy - focusing on the many dimensions of human society and the fundamental rights of the individual - and utilitarianism - emphasizing an evaluation of the success of various development policies and the usefulness of their outcomes.
EN
The paper focuses on searching for relationships and conditions of the seniors’ status in Slovakia in the context of transformation processes that had significantly weakened their social securities, their meaning of the life and had them shifted into “surviving“. The solution seems to be intergenerational solidarity, using their social capital as a part of own life experiences’ capitalisation process. The standard of living in the EU, achieved health and social standards including the rights to a dignified and full-fledged seniors’ life, are one of basic human rights and its observance should be a legal and moral duty of every democratic country. The authors offer the results of empirical research on the quality of seniors’ life in conditions of Slovak conditions in comparison with the Pan-European area.
EN
Introduction: Circulatory system diseases have high medical and social significance, therefore, the study of the quality of life associated with health for cardiological patients is of great practical importance. A large number of methods for assessing the quality of life are known, but not all methods have a methodological justification in cardiology and practical approbation. The aim of the work was to assess the clinical value of the WHOQOL-100 questionnaire for a group of patients with cardiovascular diseases. Materials and methods: The work methodology is presented by the analysis of RISC, Springer Link, Oxford University Press, New England Medical Journal, British Medical Journal, Elsevier SCOPUS database, EBSCO platform, as a result, the WHOQOL100 method was justified for use. Results: It has been established that the psychological field (the ratio of positive and negative emotions) and the sphere of social relations with an emphasis on practical social support are components of the quality of life, which can be considered as key vectors of social rehabilitation and criteria for the social effectiveness of treating patients with cardiovascular diseases. Conclusion: The international questionnaire WHOQOL-100 is recommended for use for cardiological patients with the subsequent analysis of the whole profile of quality of life.
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Physical Activity and Health

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EN
Health is a condition of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of illness or disability. Health is not something one receives but something one has to work and strive towards. This presupposes active efforts from the individual, the family, and the community. In the chain of causative factors and pathological processes which can lead to illness, disability, and death, there are many links, some known and some unknown. Our resources and means must be applied at that point in the causative chain where the best prospects lie for reducing the incidence of illness, disability, and death. Diseases due lifestyle and environmental factors now dominate our health statistics. Material standards of living and personal philosophy of life bear a close relationship to the origin and development of these diseases. In that respect, regular physical activity is seen as an essential component in a lifestyle which itself is the basis for the health promoting idea. In our review we look into physical activity and its influence on health.
PL
Zdrowie to stan pełnego fizycznego, umysłowego i społecznego dobrostanu, a nie tylko brak choroby czy kalectwa. Nie jest to coś, co się dostaje, lecz coś, na co trzeba pracować i o co trzeba się starać. Implikuje to konieczność podejmowania aktywnych wysiłków przez pojedynczych ludzi, rodziny i społeczności. W łańcuchu czynników sprawczych i procesów patologicznych prowadzących do choroby, kalectwa i zgonu, jest wiele ogniw, znanych nam i nieznanych. Nasze wysiłki należy skoncentrować na tym punkcie owego łańcucha przyczynowego, w którym istnieją najlepiej rokujące perspektywy zmniejszenia prawdopodobieństwa zapadalności na choroby, zapobiegania kalectwu i zgonom. Chorobogenny styl życia i czynniki środowiskowe dominują obecnie w naszych statystykach zdrowotności. Materialne warunki życia i filozofia osobista leżą u podstaw powstawania i rozwoju chorób. Pod tym względem, regularna aktywność fizyczna uważana jest za podstawowy składnik stylu życia, będący podstawą idei promowania zdrowia. W artykule omówiono aktywność fizyczną i jej wpływ na zdrowie.
PL
Ryzyko długowieczności (długości życia) jest potencjalnym ryzykiem powiązanym z rosnącą oczekiwaną długością życia emerytów i innych beneficjentów polis ubezpieczeniowych. Jest to potencjalny problem jakości życia w sytuacji niepełnego zdrowia i innych ograniczeń związanych z wiekiem osób, gdy będą żyć dłużej niż oczekiwana długość życia. Celem pracy jest wskazanie na najistotniejsze determinanty kształtujące ryzyko długowieczności.
EN
A longevity risk is any potential risk attached to the increasing life expectancy of pensioners and policy holders, which can eventually translate in higher than expected pay-out-ratios for many pension funds and insurance companies. One important risk to individuals who are spending down savings, is that they will live longer than expected and thus exhaust their savings, dying in poverty or burdening relatives. The main aim of this paper is to point out the most important determinants which influent to longevity risk.
PL
Artykuł ma charakter badawczy, a jego celem jest charakterystyka wybranych subiektywnych i egocentrycznych wyznaczników jakości życia, analizowanej w kategoriach przestrzennych i czasowych. Artykuł przygotowano na podstawie wyników badań ankietowych. Odpowiedzi dotyczące subiektywnej jakości życia wskazują, że respondenci są w zdecydowanej większości zadowoleni z całokształtu swojego życia i to oni mają zasadniczy wpływ na jakość swojego życia. Przeprowadzona analiza skupień pozwoliła na wyodrębnienie trzech grup respondentów różniących się między sobą opinią na temat tego, kto powinien mieć porównywalną do badanych lub lepszą jakość życia (rodzina, znajomi, przyjaciele, wszyscy mieszkańcy). Kolejne analizy pozwoliły na stwierdzenie różnic w hierarchii wartości poszczególnych grup.
EN
The article is of a research nature and its main purpose is to characterize selected subjective and egocentric determinants of quality of life analyzed both from the point of view of overall satisfaction of life as well as the various perception of quality of life in spatial and temporal terms. The article is based on the results of a survey. Responses concerning subjective quality of life indicate that the residents of the studied regions are in their vast majority satisfied with the whole of their lives. The respondents believe that they themselves have a major impact on the quality of their lives. The conducted cluster analysis allowed for distinguishing of three groups of respondents who differed in their opinion on who should have a quality of life comparable or better than that of the respondents (family, friends, friends, all residents). Subsequent analyzes allowed to identify differences in the hierarchy of values of particular groups.
EN
The text presents result of ethnologic research, which has been conducted since 2017 in the villages that won the Village of the Year competition. Taking four villages as an example, the text shows how traditional culture can contribute to the mobilization of economic resources. In suburban villages, its intangible form contributes to bringing the incomers and the original inhabitants closer together, its tangible form strengthens the rural character of a village. In mountain villages, traditional culture partially completes leisure self-realization of local inhabitants and it strengthens local identity, and it is both tangible and intangible form that takes an important part in representation of the village. Two examples (the villages of Soblahov and Malé Dvorníky) show how the emphasis on and ways of approach to cultural traditions can be diverse; examples of multi-ethnic villages (Liptovská Teplička and Malé Dvorníky) indicate the preferred use of majority’s cultural heritage. Cultural heritage becomes a cultural capital when used for the local/regional development; its identification and involvement helps mobilize new resources of economic incomes (financial funds from the EU and the state and commercial institutions, promotion of a village/region, foundation of festivals and events, development of local tourism, production of local products).
EN
The main aim of the article is a complex analysis of theoretical and empirical sources concerning substance abuse in individuals with disabilities. Furthermore, we were concerned with measuring the quality of life (QoL) and general social-demographic indicators in incarcerated individuals abusing substances. We questioned 348 incarcerated adults in 17 Czech prison facilities. The questionnaire was composed of two QoL measuring instruments, AlQol9 and SQUALA, and several questions dealing with social status of the imprisoned. The results show reduced QoL among imprisoned individuals and significantly reduced QoL among prisoners with behavioral problems, psychiatric problems, mental retardation and special group of permanently unemployable prisoners. Prisoners abusing substances showed significantly lower social status. Among the proposed changes in dealing with substance abusing incarcerated individuals are individualized treatment program and substance abuse treatment in prisons.
PL
Innowacyjność jest tworzeniem czegoś zupełnie nowego i tym właśnie jest nowe rozwiązanie gospodarcze zaproponowane przez autora. Model ten wynika z wielu doświadczeń przedsiębiorcy, a fundament został zbudowany w oparciu o ekonomię dobra wspólnego oraz system klastrowy. Projekt koncentruje się na zapewnieniu bezpieczeństwa, stabilizacji oraz rozwoju osobistego każdej jednostki tak, aby kandydat przeszedł metamorfozę z osoby pełnoletniej w dorosłą. Zasadniczym celem publikacji jest przedstawienie sytuacji gospodarczej na arenie międzynarodowej oraz koncepcji zmierzającej do podniesienia jakości życia. Model jest kompleksowym rozwiązaniem zarówno w sferze ekonomicznej, jak i psychologiczno-socjologicznej. Odbiorca odnajdzie złoty środek między przyjemnością a pożytkiem dla aspektów zarówno prywatnych, jak i publicznych. (abstrakt oryginalny)
EN
Innovation is the creation of something completely new and that is the new economic solution proposed by the author. This model derives from many entrepreneurial experiences and the foundation was built on the basis of common good economy and cluster system. The project focuses on ensuring the safety, stability and personal development of each individual so that the candidate undergoes adult metamorphosis. The main aim of the publication is to present the economic situation on the international scene and to improve the quality of life. The model is a complex solution both in the economic and psycho-sociological sphere. The recipient will find the golden mean between pleasure and benefit for both private and public aspects.(original abstract)
PL
W ostatnich latach priorytetowym zadaniem dla statystyki publicznej jest doskonalenie metod pomiaru i analizy różnych aspektów zrównoważonego rozwoju społeczno-ekonomicznego. Wysoką rangę w zakresie monitoringu zrównoważonego rozwoju ma pomiar jakości życia. Poprawa jakości życia oraz ograniczenie nadmiernych różnic w jakości życia różnych grup ludności (w układzie społecznym i przestrzennym), w tym eliminowanie wykluczenia społecznego i ubóstwa, stanowi podstawowy cel współczesnych koncepcji rozwoju społeczno-ekonomicznego (Szukiełojć-Bieńkuńska, Walczak, 2011). Znajduje to odzwierciedlenie w strategiach rozwojowych przyjmowanych zarówno na poziomie ogólnoświatowym, jak i na poziomie Unii Europejskiej (UE) i krajowym. (fragment tekstu)
EN
In recent years, priority for public statistics is to improve the methods of measurement and analysis of various aspects of sustainable socio-economic development. The high rank in terms of monitoring sustainable development is the measurement of life quality. The article presents the CSO 's general concept of life quality survey. It includes the previously completed research and analysis as well as proposals for the development of this research issues for the coming years. Adopted by the CSO concept of measuring the life quality refers both to the Polish tradition of research in this area, as well as international recommendations. This concept takes into account the multifaceted nature of the category of life quality and increasing importance of subjective measures. It was considered that in the measurement of quality of life CSO will seek to take into account the widest possible range of information on all domains adopted by the European Statistical System, including the Polish specifics. (original abstract)
PL
Wszystko co robimy w życiu zawsze w jakiś sposób - pośredni lub bezpośredni - wyznacza jego jakość. Jakość życia jest bowiem lub powinna być celem nadrzędnym wszelkich naszych indywidualnych działań, a w skali zbiorowej - każdej społeczności lokalnej, regionalnej, narodowej czy międzynarodowej (globalnej). W tym wymiarze fundamentalne znaczenie tej kategorii najczęściej przejawia się w strategii rozwoju budowanej na różnych poziomach, ukierunkowanych na jakość życia mieszkańców określonego obszaru. Zatem jakość życia obrazuje wszędzie i wszystko co robi człowiek powinno tej jakości służyć. (fragment tekstu)
EN
The article presents the importance of research on quality of life, the general concept of this category and criteria for the classification of generating important typologies quality of life, the description of which is the core content of the article. The article is development of the ideas and proposals put forward in earlier publications of the author. The added value of this work lies primarily in identifying two tendencies in discussions on the terminology of life quality and derived concepts. An attempt was made to determine the general concept of life quality, taking into account the proposed definition of axiological ground. Also typology classification criteria of quality were grouped for those that are disclosed axiology and those with hidden axiology. The study also presents some problems with measuring the quality of life within particular its classifications. (original abstract)
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