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1

INFALLIBILITY ABOUT THE SELF

100%
Hoffman G.
Organon F. medzinárodný časopis pre analytickú filozofiu
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2013
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vol. 20
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issue 3
341 – 354
EN
On a common formulation, rationalist infallibilism is committed to two main theses: (i) ‘analytic a priori infallibilism’ and (ii) ‘synthetic a priori infallibilism’. According to thesis (i), a relatively wide range of analytic a priori propositions can be infallibly justified. According to thesis (ii), a relatively wide range of synthetic a priori propositions can be infallibly justified. In this paper, the author focuses on rationalist infallibilism’s second main thesis, what is being called ‘synthetic a priori infallibilism’. He argues that synthetic a priori infallibilism, and by extension rationalist infallibilism, is untenable. In particular, exploring what seems to be the only potentially plausible species of synthetic a priori infallibility, he rejects the infallible justification of propositions about the self.
2

O (NE)PRODUKTÍVNOSTI DICHOTÓMIÍ V EVOLÚCII LIBERÁLNEJ DEMOKRACIE PRI HĽADANÍ LEPŠIEHO ČLOVEKA A SVETA

100%
Dobiaš D., Dobiašová S.
Studia Politica Slovaca: časopis pre politické vedy, najnovšie politické dejiny a medzinárodné vzťahy
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2018
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vol. 11
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issue 1
34 – 45
EN
The work deals with the civilization trajectory of human reality which is marked by dichotomy of its own progressive and regressive features. In the intellectual tradition of Europe, there is the core of the desire to be recognized as a human being in an idea of dignity, freedom and moral will, supported by the power of human reason. The abovementioned characteristics limit and at the same time allow the reflection of steady conceptual structures in the evolution of modern liberal democracies, The perspective of awareness of ambiguity and paradoxical content of individual parameters of liberal democracy, ideologically shaped and fixed by worldviews of economic and political elites, from our point of view, is a mirror image of how those conditions differ from the standard assumptions formulated in theory.
3
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Kultura Zachodu oczami romantyków rosyjskich. Rzecz o kapitalizmie i racjonalizmie

100%
Jedliński M.
Filo-Sofija
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2011
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vol. 11
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issue 1(12)
373-383
EN
The article presents Russian Romantics’ reflections on Western culture, highlighting their views on capitalism and rationalism. Russian thinkers regarded farewell with religious outlook and the associated development of capitalism as unambiguously negative. According to them, capitalism led to egocentric perception of reality and finally to demise of culture. They called capitalism ‘a contemporary form of barbarism’ as it encouraged fighting and increased the desire to possess. They claimed it would precipitate an acute crisis resulting in regression of civilization. The capitalism-induced process of degradation of Western culture was accelerated by the affirmation of reason. Rationalism limited human freedom. The views were expressed in the oeuvre of the poet Alexei Khomakov and of the historians Stepan Shevyriov and Mikhail Pogodin, as well as, in a more structured manner, in Vladimir Odoyevsky’s novel titled ‘Russian Nights’ (1844).
4

POLITIKA MEDZI DISKURZOM A TEÓRIOU. NEDOSTATOK RACIONALITY?

88%
Lysý J.
Studia Politica Slovaca: časopis pre politické vedy, najnovšie politické dejiny a medzinárodné vzťahy
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2009
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vol. 2
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issue 1
23 – 31
EN
Policies on the threshold of the third Millennium still seem to be reluctant to decide between economic growth and social distribution. In our context a search for proportionating of the micro- and macro- worlds of politics cannot leave out such terms as for example a progress. It is not simple to prove whether objective progress does or does not exist. Even in early times of modernity philosophers knew well that a rational argument cannot be applied because scientific progress reasoning as a rational argument is part of science method. Social sciences deem it fruitful to search for fundamental contradictions when analysing social reality. When studying capitalism we must consider its raison d´être, the never ending capital accumulation. It is not simple to answer to the question why the modernity ideologists were promising what could not be fulfilled, why people believed their promises and why they do not believe them today. Thus the problem of rationality today is influenced by this situation.
5

POLITICKÁ TEÓRIA K. R. POPPERA – AKTUÁLNE PERSPEKTÍVY JEDNEJ „PLAVBY“ DO PRÍSTAVU OTVORENÁ SPOLOČNOSŤ NA VLNÁCH DEMOKRACIE

88%
Dobiáš D.
Studia Politica Slovaca: časopis pre politické vedy, najnovšie politické dejiny a medzinárodné vzťahy
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2011
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vol. 4
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issue 1
3 – 15
EN
The aim of the article is to present an alternative theoretical approach to the sphere of social reality (with an as its basic „building block“) and its various forms – K. R. Popper’s theory of critical rationalism and open society (democracy). The main reference is to promote Popper’s critical rationalism and his open society theory as „an axiology of civilized society“ based on idea of morally (humanistic) conditioned freedom of man as expressed in Popper’s liberalism. The work deals with the reflection of Popper’s „open society“ hypothesis (concept) as a metaphor for philosophically justifiable, open space of coexistence among individuals, medium of which is a democracy as a political and an institutional guarantee of an autonomous creativity.
6

JOHN HENRY NEWMAN'S THEORY OF SCIENCE (Johna Henry'ego Newmana wizja nauki)

88%
Galecki S.
Semina Scientiarum
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2009
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vol. 8
20-44
EN
In his numerous books, articles and sermons, John Henry Newman mentioned his philosophical vision of science and his idea of scientific education. He took part in many debates of his times. One of most important was that about role of reason in natural science, philosophy and theology. In this paper the author presents Newman's unique philosophy of science and his idea of placing humanities among natural, medical and formal sciences - which he called 'two circles of knowledge'. As a background is shown Newman's theory of two kinds of reasoning and concept of truth.
7

IRRATIONAL ATTRACTION OF RATIONALITY

88%
Dobiáš D.
Studia Politica Slovaca: časopis pre politické vedy, najnovšie politické dejiny a medzinárodné vzťahy
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2022
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vol. 15
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issue 2
24 - 33
EN
The content of political doctrines and dominant lines of practical politics is legitimised by the effort to implement the ideal of a good, free society by applying the idea of reason. At the same time, its performance not only defines the conditions for the theoretical justification of the idea of power, but also becomes a tool for its implementation. The primary goal of this paper is in an endeavour to place the normative nature of current (democratic) political regimes where we encounter the need for a more fundamental theoretical argument that would enable us to respond to their dynamic, often contradictory development. One of the consequences of such fixation is in the division of sciences into the realms of nature and society, the independence of their methodological orientation, or the factual and theoretical division of human reality into rationalism (means, technology, efficiency) and human values and meanings which become the domain of irrationalism. Therefore, from the perspective of modern political systems, irrationally conditioned modelling of reality under the guise of rationality may be considered an important aspect of the ideological compromise between politics, economics, and the media sphere on the lasting continuity of prosperity for the rich ones.
8
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Ontologia versus metafizyka? Geneza, rozwój i różne postaci nowożytnej teorii bytu

75%
Paź B.
Filo-Sofija
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2011
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vol. 11
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issue 4(15)
817-847
EN
The paper presents the process of modern metaphysics transforming into the ontology. The major points of this process became: 1) scholastic sources of Catholic metaphysics represented by Fonseca, Suarez, Śmiglecki on the one side and Protestant metaphysics, represented by Goclenius and Clauberg, on the other; 2) Descartes’ epistemology of representation and 3) Leibniz’s rational and pluralistic metaphysics (monadology). The climax of the transformation process appears to be “Philosophia prima sive ontologia” (1729), a masterpiece being written by Wolff, where the first system of the ontology (science about being as possibility) was presented as a discipline independent from the traditional metaphysics. However starting with the Kant’s works ontology no longer was the discipline of knowledge about the real world but has being turned into a field of aprioristic categories of thinking about an existence and the physical world.
9

Marta Stana un Dailes teatra kolizijas

75%
Banga V.
Materiali Latvijas makslas vesturei
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2012
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vol. 8
198-212
EN
Women do not seem to be among the leaders in world architecture, Zaha Hadid being the exception. We can be proud that Marta Stana (1913-1972) was one of those who brought Latvia’s name into the Grand Arena already in the 1960s when she started to participate in international competitions. The creation of the Daile Theatre building became one of the major events in Riga’s architecture of the 20th century. All the architectural and societal problems of the 1960s were accumulated in this building. Through her work Stana proved that breaking out of the customary and striving for originality in architecture is worthwhile. She began her creative career already in 1939, while still studying architecture in Professor Ernests Stalbergs’ class at the Faculty of Architecture of the University of Latvia. Marta Stana’s spiritual guides were Alvar Aalto, Arne Jacobsen and Oscar Niemeyer. She was open to ideas inspired and influenced by functionalism, rationalism and modernism. The Daile Theatre saga began in 1949 when Russian architects Veniamin Bikov and Iezekiel Maltsin were invited to submit sketches for the theatre building; they were not successful as the ideas were borrowed from traditional prototypes of theatrical architecture in Moscow. A new official competition was announced in 1959. The motto was to attain a new theatre building with up-to-date equipment and contemporary architecture. 26 projects were submitted of which 25 were considered and 6 recommended. The winner was awarded 2nd place (the 1st place was not awarded), it was project ‘1111’ (Marta Stana and Tekla Ievina). The 3rd place was given to projects ‘8080’ (Arturs Reinfelds and Velta Reinfelde) and ‘579’ (Janis Ginters, Dzidra Ozolina, Teodors Nigulis, Boriss Ozols and Georgs Barkans). The main problem for the new theatre building was the unresolved transport scheme and its location too close to Bruninieku Street. In December 1959 a public discussion on the Daile Theatre took place. In 1966 the construction works started at the crossing of the Brivibas and Bruninieku Streets. The process lasted ten long years. The fact that the Daile Theatre building still remains relevant as a masterpiece of secular architecture indicates that the architect as thinker and creator can direct the process to a great extent. This building is the most important work in Stana’s life and as such it will remain on the city’s face.
10

O KRÍZE A JEJ PRÍČINÁCH V KONTEXTE EURÓPSKEJ SPOLOČNOSTI PODĽA JÁNA PATOČKU

75%
Nemec R.
Slavica Slovaca
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2021
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vol. 56
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issue 3
313 - 320
EN
The crisis is used to be reflected as synonymous with the collapse of economic and social values that are going to be systemically treated. However, the essence of this concept goes much deeper – it reaches behind social options and political presentations. It goes deeper towards a human inside and towards basic human values. The transformation of society from traditional into industrial one has brought plenty of changes – inter alia - deep materialization of human desire. And - according to Patočka – each human being must experience crisis because it naturally leads to disappointment and desillusion. But, from crisis comes a great expectation of hope – that is sign of our inner, spiritual basis we have refined.
11

OD APLIKOVANÉHO RACIONALIZMU K APLIKOVANEJ FENOMENOLÓGII (NOVÁ VEDECKÁ PEDAGOGIKA GASTONA BACHELARDA)

75%
Vydra A.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
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2009
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vol. 64
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issue 8
793-803
EN
The paper shows the development of Gaston Bachelard's thought from his early writings to later meditations on daydreams. Bachelard's 'scientific contribution' is characterized by his conception of applied rationalism, and his conviction that a true science must be justified by a rectification process. Theoretical rationalization must be necessarily applied in practice. Similar to an open science, the philosophy of science is open if it is able to say 'no' to old scientific and philosophical experience. This 'no' is not final but it is a sign of openness. Bachelard appears to be the predecessor of Popper's fallibilism. The 'second part' of Bachelardian philosophy concentrates on daydreams or reveries as a profound basis of the scientific knowledge. Our diurnal daydreams are not nocturnal dreams which are the subject of the psychoanalytical research. Daydreaming is a process of our imagination, working with 'oneiric' images. A psychoanalyst investigates the source of nocturnal dreams: our unconsciousness, our relations to the world and other people, etc. This is the horizontal point of view. The phenomenology leads us, according to Bachelard, to a different approach to 'oneiric' images - to a vertical and subjective point of view. The interpretation oriented on sources is transformed by daydreaming flowing from these very sources. The education is a convoluted process oscillating between an exact science and a subjective reverie.
12

Molyneux's questions - from the philosophical problem of representation to intermodal transfer

63%
Fazekas P., Zemplen G.
Magyar Pszichologiai Szemle (Hungarian Psychological Review)
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2005
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vol. 60
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issue 4
527-552
EN
The article investigates some of the major themes in the history of psychology and philosophy in connection with the Molyneux-question. The first section investigates the philosophical debates concerning the theoretical possibility of recovery from blindness. The authors show the several connections of 17th- and 18th-century replies to earlier (at times even Aristotelian and Epicurean) perceptual theories, discuss replies by Locke, Berkeley, Reid, Diderot, and others. The development of surgical techniques and how the Molyneux-question (originally a thought-experiment) was instrumental in the development of experimental procedures based on the analysis of cases reported by Cheselden, Home and Franz is discussed. The recognition of critical periods in perceptual development and research on cortical plasticity in the last decades questioned the fruitfulness of the original query by Molyneux. As a result, the original formulation of the question has ceased to be instrumental to the progress of research, and, instead, several reformulations have taken its place. On a more abstract level, the question has been reinterpreted as addressing the intermodal transfer: (how) can tactile and visual representations interact? Classical experiments by Meltzoff and Moore, Streri and Gentaz show intermodal transfer days after birth. Apart from reviewing these results, in the last section the authors discuss two theoretical frameworks: the one proposed by Monique Radeau, where from an amodal sensory system of newborns a gradual differentiation gives rise to the specific modalities, and the one recently termed 'sensorimotor' approach by Kevin O'Regan és Alva Noë, rejecting traditional representation-based views and stressing sensorimotor contingencies and active exploration of the environment. In their analysis the authors show that even in these novel frameworks there is no trivial answer to the modified Molyneux-question addressing intermodality. Finally a suggestion is made to reconstruct Molyneux's original question as a neurological one in such a way that the question might once more receive genuine interest from experimental approaches.
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