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CONTRIBUTION TO THE MESOLITHIC IN THE SLOVAK CARPATHIANS

100%

Valde-Nowak P., Sojak M.

Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)

2010

vol. 58

issue 1

1-12

This report evaluates the Middle Stone Age penetration in the area of Northern Slovakia from the point of view of past research as well as in the light of results of two test excavations on the southern slope of the Tatra Mountains. Information's about the Mesolithic settlements in Slovakia are random. They are related mainly to areas of southern edge of the Carpathians in the vicinity of upper Hornad river basin and Danube river plain. In this context assumption concerning the existence of Mesolithic also in northern Slovakia, specifically at the foot of the Tatra Mountains, should be remembered. In August 2007 the small scale excavation took place on two sites, selected for testing after repeated previous surveys, situated about 2.5 km north-west from the city centre of Spisska Bela. The first one is destroyed as a result of multi-annual, deeply ploughed and drainage works. The second one produced small inventory in the stratigraphic position. Among tools trapezium and middle part of unidentified microliths should be exposed, both made of Cracow-Jurassic flint. Also the first data concerning Mesolithic settlement in the northern zone of the Tatra Mountains are remembered in the paper. They were described from Middle Beskydy Range. Some elements of Chojnice-Pienki or Janislawice culture are discussed in the text. Two excavated Slovakian sites are evidence of human residence of late Mesolithic groups in the sub-Tatra area during the Atlantic period. Attention should be paid to the immediate proximity of the described Mesolithic sites, situated not far from the village of early Neolithic Linear Pottery Culture (Linearbandkeramik) from the music note phase and Bukk culture and the Spisska Bela 'Kahlenberg' position. We can expose the lack of the oldest phase of band pottery culture in the Poprad Valley and upper Hornad basin. The mountainous territories of Western Carpathians are non questionable domain of the Mesolithic man at least from the beginning of Atlanticum. The good orientation in local beds of silica rocks - radiolarite, Mikuszowice hornstone suggests, that Mesolithic groups in this zone existed not only episodically.

Wpływ obfitości surowców energetycznych na politykę gospodarczą Rosji

67%

Petkowicz M.

Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego w Krakowie

2012

issue 897

57-72

The study aims to present the relationship between the abundance of raw materials and the dynamics of economic growth on the example of Russia. The wealth of raw materials is generally believed to translate into the wealth and prosperity of society. However, the potential of raw materials is not always reflected in economic growth, as the example of Russia confirms. Although the country has substantial deposits of oil and the world’s largest gas reserves, its development remains at a relatively low level as measured by per capita GDP. It turns out that a monoculture of raw materials sometimes impedes economic and social policy, and can cause economic stagnation, passivity and a lack of initiative. The article shows the potential of the energy resources in the USSR and the Russian Federation (RF), its role in the economic development of the country and the RF’s foreign policy as well. Focus is placed on economic strategy with regard to the oil and gas sector and the resulting consequences for Russia, and the opportunities and threats to economic and social policy that result from the ownership of oil and gas. The article also examines how the management of revenue flows from sales of oil and gas, the changes that have taken place in Russia on energy boom as a result of the collapse on the energy market in 2008 and the effectiveness of the tactics chosen by the government. The article concludes with a presentation of measures Russia could take to increase the efficiency of its economy and the influx of petrodollars for rational land use in the future, for the sake of the country’s long-term and sustainable development.

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1 Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)

1 Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego w Krakowie

1 2012

1 2010

1 Petkowicz M.

1 Sojak M.

1 Valde-Nowak P.

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CONTRIBUTION TO THE MESOLITHIC IN THE SLOVAK CARPATHIANS

Wpływ obfitości surowców energetycznych na politykę gospodarczą Rosji