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Dopisy čtenářů Františku Hrubínovi (na základě jeho pozůstalosti)

100%
Málková I.
Česká literatura (Czech Literature)
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2010
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vol. 58
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issue 4
518-528
EN
The article describes in outline one part of the Papers of František Hrubin (1910–1971), which are deposited in the Archives of the Museum of Czech literature – namely, that related to his correspondence and his readers. It then considers letters that express the role of Hrubín’s works in non-literary life (during the war), his readers’ attitudes to his works (in the 1930s, 1940s, and 1960s), and the demands on the poet and his work (1950s). It concludes by presenting responses linked with Hrubín’s speeches at the Second Congress of Czechoslovak Writers.
2
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Valence lyrického subjektu (Jak také vnímatel rekonstruuje z básnických textů lyrický subjekt)

100%
Kapustová A.
Česká literatura (Czech Literature)
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2011
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vol. 59
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issue 3
394-416
EN
This article asks how the reader approaches a verse text and what the process of perceiving a text of contemporary lyric verse consists in, what happens in the process, and to what extent and on what basis it can be accurately described. The author starts from the assumption that in a text one can describe certain elements that the reader can use to construct or reconstruct the persona. She calls these potential strategic points ‘valence elements’. They constitute elements in the world of the text which the reader can associate with the persona, and which can help him or her to characterize, construct, and complete the persona. One of the possible valence elements is the grammatical subject. The author of the article understands the reader’s progress through the text and his or her formation of the persona’s portrait also as a reception method that achieves the integrity of the text. Taking examples from verse debuts from the 1980s and 1990s, she endeavours to demonstrate what the reader’s steps might be in his or her perception of these texts. She adumbrates those sections of the text which she calls ‘person‑linked’ and ‘non‑person‑linked’. These sections provide the reader with the mortar that helps to hold the bricks of the text together and gradually to form ideas about the persona. The principle of text construction may also play a similar role in the perception of the text.
3

STRUČNÝ ÚVOD DO KOGNITÍVNEJ LITERÁRNEJ VEDY A PROBLEMATIKY LITERÁRNOSTI

88%
Kuzmíková J.
Slovenská literatúra (Slovak Literature)
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2019
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vol. 66
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issue 4
247 – 257
EN
The first part of the paper (Sections I. – III.) deals with the basic concepts, aims, conditions and sub-disciplines of cognitive literary science. The second part of the paper (Sections IV. –V.) discusses concepts of literature and literariness. It is literariness (Roman Jakobson) that is crucial for literature and constitutes literary studies as the scientific discipline. Theorizing quality of literariness requires empirical and experimental argumentation. That is why, contrary to the traditional reader-response theory, the cognitive reader-response theory focuses on the individual, active reader. Kuzmíková´s experimental metaphor study indicates that in solving/understanding literary metaphors there is a difference between rational and intuitive (experiential) personalities. As metaphor is the prominent tool of literariness, we can presuppose that more rational and more intuitive people differ also in general literary reception outcomes. The empirical examination of literary communication has an ambition to give more scientific and specific data for the literariness theory then non-empirical, speculative interpretations and models have provided.
4
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Pojem čtenář v anglosaské kulturně-analytické tradici Cultural Studies: možné spojnice, parelely a přesahy

88%
Šmejkalová J.
Česká literatura (Czech Literature)
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2010
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vol. 58
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issue 4
464-475
EN
This article is concerned with readership and reading, a key theme in the work of the founding fathers of British Cultural studies, like Hoggart, Thompson, and Williams, and related American scholars, such as Altick. The article offers links with research areas related to this tradition in terms of time and concerns, that is, analyses of the centrally controlled readership in the ‘socialist’ countries. In addition to a Marxist orientation, the common features include an attempt to critically challenge the privileged position of the ‘elite culture/text’ as an object of enquiry, the rehabilitation of the non-elite (common) reader, as well as a search for the relation between the phenomena of reading, the reader, and literacy on the one hand and socio-economic progress on the other. In both traditions, reading is burdened with enormous social expectations and tends to be transformed from an analytical category into a prescriptive, axiological one.
5
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Identita díla v pohybu

75%
Jankovič M.
Česká literatura (Czech Literature)
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2010
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vol. 58
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issue 6
790-796
EN
This article discusses the problem of the identity of a work in connection with the role of the reader. It follows on from the ideas of Herta Schmid, who, in 1999, argued that Mukařovský took both a poetological and an aesthetic approach to the literary text. The former emphasized the closed structure of the work as an artefact, whereas the latter focused on the openness of the aesthetic object. Jankovič asks whether the identity of a work is bound only to the immutability of the artistic artefact. In this sense, the Czech structuralism of the younger generation sought its own path (Červenka 1996). In Mukařovský’s aesthetics the identity of a work does not exclude the mutability of the aesthetic object; its centre of gravity is transferred to the potential efficacy of the work, to its semantic dynamism. From the zenith of the work’s potential aesthetic impact, from the perspective of its unique potential to affect and change the perceiver’s relationship with reality, one must inquire into the work’s identity. It is the identity of a work in motion, in which the dynamic assumptions of the work are realized in the course of time (thanks also to the evoked participation of the perceiver, who is not denied a part in the unifying semantic gesture). Mukařovský’s aesthetics do not contest the notion of the work as a formal unity; they merely make it dynamic.
6
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Stížená možnost komunikace aneb Spisovatel hledá čtenáře

75%
Czaplińska J.
Česká literatura (Czech Literature)
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2010
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vol. 58
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issue 4
509-518
EN
This is an analysis of the special situation in communication, which faced writers who published their works in exile publishing houses and samizdat. In keeping with contemporary literary anthropology, the author starts from the assumption that a literary text becomes literature in the process of communication. In other words, the author and the reader of his or her texts are to some extent prerequisites for the emergence of literature. In the absence of the reader, the writer was forced to come up with a strategy for survival and for the preservation of his or her individuality. On the basis of the works of Ivan Binar (b. 1942), Václav Černý (1905–1987), Sylvie Richterová (b. 1945), Ludvík Vaculík (b. 1926), and Bohumil Hrabal (1914–1997), the author demonstrates various forms of the thematization of the implied author, which became not only a means of expression that was meant to enliven the narrative or inveigle the reader in behind the scenes of the writing process, but also had the role of emphasizing the existence of the author as a human being who writes. In the difficult circumstances of their lives, writers in this period thus not only preserved their own individuality but also continuously constructed it.
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