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EN
Effects of recession on the structure of employment have been different in each phase of recession (and revival after the recession). It seems likely correct the assumption of our earlier analysis that in the initial phase of the recession was already noticeable structural changes in employment, but they were far from its final form. In later stages, the shape and intensity of structural changes has changed significantly. Recession strengthened the position of highest-educated workers, penalizing the segment of youngest workers, in their early stage have necessitated further expansion of self-employment to the prejudice of dependent work. Recession in some cases reinforced the structural changes in employment, which were already present even before the recession (expansion of self-employment, share increase of the tertiary educated employed persons), in other cases, the recession has brought new structural changes (increase in the proportion of part-time work). Seem to be more important the cases, when the recession reinforced the structural changes that were in milder form present even before the recession. The recession has added new momentum to them.
EN
The article describes the reasons for the indebtedness crisis in the European Union, as well as the factors due to which its consequences did not significantly influence Poland at the beginning of 2012. The author discusses the activities initiated by the Eurozone States and the whole EU, directed at the fight against the economic slump and recession, as a result of which the EU has been gradually changing the procedure for taking decisions related to economic matters and, in a broader context, its institutional structure. The article attempts to assess these changes from the perspective of long term interests of Poland.
EN
In this article was both presented characteristic of the global economical and financial crisis, as well as his influence on the effectiveness of the managing of Polish enterprises. First chapter constitutes introduction to the issue of the contemporary world-wide crisis. The chapter two, on contrary, constitutes analysis of the influence of the global financial crisis on opportunities of growth of Polish companies market value.
EN
Business cycles in developed economies have changed in many ways in the second half of the 20th century (compared to the pre-war period). The Japanese business cycles have been unique or different in certain aspects (compared to the previous development and to other developed countries or the average indicators). These particular features have intensified since the 1990´s, when Japan was hit by many serious macroeconomic problems. This study analyses key features of the Japanese post-war business cycles (with special attention to the period of the 1990´s). It compares the Japanese post-war expansions and recessions and the business cycles development in Japan and selected developed countries.
EN
The article states that there were different reactions of states in their economic policy mix approach to the 2007/2008 crisis. This could be justified if polices were similar in homogenous groups of states, which represented similar level of development, but this was not always the case. The paper argues that policies applied are often ineffective as they reflect actions, instruments, approaches characteristic for national and protective economies, not international, open, integrated ones. It shows that relatively small fall in GDP was accompanied by much a larger drop of international trade and FDI flows. The above noticed decreases were distributed unevenly among economies from three major groups of states: developed, developing and emerging.
EN
In this paper, we study the dramatic changes in the structure and behaviour of the Slovak economy in a period of the accession to the Euro area and the Great Recession and subsequent return to the long-run growth equilibrium. This small and very open economy is represented by nonlinear dynamic stochastic model of a general equilibrium with financial accelerator. The development of time-varying structural parameters is identified using the second order approximation of a nonlinear DSGE model. The model is estimated with the use of nonlinear particle filter. Analogous model was estimated for the economy of the Euro area. It is our goal to identify the most important changes in behaviour and underlying structure of the Slovak economy. In order to distinguish the country specific changes from broader Europe-wide trends we also compare the time-varying estimates of the Slovak economy and the Euro area.
EN
The great financial crisis of 2008/2009 precipitated substantial changes in the world economy, national economies and the world balance of power. Economists coined the term “the new normal” to describe the post crisis world. The new world order will be characterized by increased state intervention, a recession generation, the disconnect between the fate of big companies and labor, the end of upward social mobility, increased state capitalism, changes to the process of globalization and the growing influence of international capital on national economies. Advanced economies will undergo a period of economic stagnation whereas emerging economies will grow at a much faster pace. As a result, the world balance of power will change. Western countries will lose their influence as their share of the world economy will diminish. A new multi-polar world will be created in which Western economic rules and values will no longer be emulated. Free market capitalism, human rights and democracy will be weakened.
EN
In the article analyzes the most significant macro-economic trends shaping and vector character of the global economic system and the geopolitical transformations in the near future: economic, financial, institutional, environmental. The complex organizational and economic activities and providing tools to facilitate the implementation of the quality of post-crisis scenario development and the achievement of conceptual coordination of interests of economic entities.
EN
In the article the real and potential threats and risks, that affect the formation of national security strategies. Given the state of the national economy, political and social situation in Ukraine, certain key economic and organizational determinants new model of economic security, in particular its energy component. The problem of energy dependence of the state economy and high energy are still the main factors restraining the socio-economic development. The issue of energy security updated in recession and unstable political situation in the country. Based on the current state of the energy sector, the study developed a set of practical recommendations (economic, technological, financial, political, and environmental), organizational and economic measures to reform the energy sector for sustainable functioning.
EN
The catching up with the economic level was very fast in EU-5 in the current decade, however the real convergence slowed down in the recession period (except of Poland), especially in Slovenia and Czech Republic. GDP per capita is the highest in Slovenia and in the Czech Republic, while GDP per employed person in Slovenia and Slovakia. The position of EU-5 (except of Poland) measured by GNI or NNI is worse than that measured by GDP. The RGDI rates of growth show similar results as the GDP ones in 2001 – 2007 except of Slovakia, where they were by 0.5 p. p. lower. The relation of CPL to EU-27 approximated to the relation in GDP per capita. The wage level is still much lower. The aggregate ULC in relation to EU-27 reach from one half in Poland, Slovakia and Hungary to more than 60% in the Czech Republic and 90% in Slovenia.
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