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1

PROPOSAL OF A METHOD FOR THE EVALUATION OF SPATIAL ORDER OF AREAS SUBJECT TO RECLAMATION (Propozycja metody oceny ladu przestrzennego obszaru rekultywowanego)

100%
Podciborski T., Trystula A.
Wieś i Rolnictwo
|
2010
|
issue 2(147)
82-95
EN
One of the features of sustainable development is spatial order which is understood as such arrangement of space that takes into account natural, socio-economic, cultural, and aesthetic conditions. The earlier studies devoted to the reclamation of degraded or devastated areas did not address the issue of reclamation activities and their effect for the state of spatial order. The aim of this paper was to propose an evaluation method for the spatial order of degraded or devastated areas subject to reclamation. Due to the broad scope of this term, spatial order could be evaluated using different spatial references such as horizontal structure and vertical structure. The application of the proposed method permits to assess the state of the devastated area undergoing reclamation and to, simultaneously, indicate the elements that have a negative effect on the condition of the space's components and, therefore, on the spatial order. The identification of elements that have a negative effect on spatial order will allow to make improvements in the spatial structure of the use and management of a surveyed area already at the stage of a project study of reclamation work.
2

SLUR RECLAMATION – POLYSEMY, ECHO, OR BOTH?

88%
Jusińska Z.
Organon F. medzinárodný časopis pre analytickú filozofiu
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2021
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vol. 28
|
issue 3
689 – 707
EN
This paper concerns the topic of slur reclamation. I start with presenting two seemingly opposing accounts of slur reclamation, Jeshion’s (2020) Polysemy view and Bianchi’s (2014) Echoic view. Then, using the data provided by linguists, I discuss the histories of the reclamation of the slur ‘queer’ and of the n-word, which bring me to presenting a view of reclamation that combines the Polysemy view and Echoic view. The Combined view of slur reclamation proposed in this paper postulates meaning change while fleshing out the pragmatic mechanisms necessary for it to occur.
3

MORAL STATUS OF THE RECLAMATION OF SLURS

75%
Cepollaro B.
Organon F. medzinárodný časopis pre analytickú filozofiu
|
2021
|
vol. 28
|
issue 3
672 – 688
EN
While prototypical uses of slurs express contempt for targets, some reclaimed uses are associated with positive evaluations. This practice may raise concerns. I anticipate this criticism in what I dub the Warrant Argument (WA) and then defend the legitimacy of this kind of reclamation. For the WA, standard pejorative uses of slurs are problematic for assuming unwarranted connections between descriptive properties (e.g., being gay) and value judgements (e.g., being worthy of contempt). When reclaimed uses of slurs express a positive evaluation of their targets—the WA goes—reclamation fails to challenge the unwarranted link between descriptive properties and value judgements, and merely reverses the evaluation polarity from negative to positive. So, the WA concludes, reclaimed uses of slurs evaluating targets positively for belonging to a certain group make a similar moral error as derogatory uses of slurs (sections 2-3). The WA could lead us to condemn reclamation. To resist this conclusion, I draw a parallel with affirmative action, arguing that it can be morally permissible to balance an existing form of injustice by temporarily introducing a countervailing mechanism that prima facie seems to violate the norm of equality: even if the WA were right, it wouldn’t constitute an argument against the moral permissibility of reclamation in the case of most slurs (section 4). This line of argument in defence of pride reclamation may also serve to debunk the myths of reverse racism and reverse sexism (section 5).
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