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1

MINIMALIST FRAMEWORK FOR THOUGHT EXPERIMENT ANALYSIS

100%
Picha M.
Organon F. medzinárodný časopis pre analytickú filozofiu
|
2016
|
vol. 23
|
issue 4
503 – 524
EN
Thought experiments are frequently vague and obscure hypothetical scenarios that are difficult to assess. The paper proposes a simple model of thought experiments. In the first part, the author introduces two contemporary frameworks for thought experiment analysis: an experimentalist approach that relies on similarities between real and thought experiment, and a reasonist approach focusing on the answers provided by thought experimenting. Further, he articulates a minimalist approach in which thought experiment is considered strictly as doxastic mechanism based on imagination. He introduces the basic analytical tool that allows us to differentiate an experimental core from an attached argumentation. The last section is reserved for discussion. The author addresses several possible questions concerning adequacy of minimalistic definition and analysis.
2

THE ECONOMY OF KURDISTAN (Gospodarka Kurdystanu)

100%
Giedz M.
Afryka, Azja, Ameryka Lacinska (Africa, Asia, Latin America )
|
2008
|
vol. 84
95-111
EN
Despite its split territory, Kurdistan is experiencing, especially its Iraqi part, a significant economic growth. It is possible thanks to the financial resources coming from the petroleum export and the international developmental support. The article presents the rapid reconstruction of the regional agriculture and infrastructure, that were devastated during the civil war
3

RIGA DOME CATHEDRAL OVER CENTURIES AND PARADIGM SHIFTS IN ITS RECONSTRUCTION (Rigas Doms gadsimtu gaita un paradigmas mainas rekonstrukcija)

100%
Grosmane E.
Materiali Latvijas makslas vesturei
|
2008
|
vol. 7
9-30
EN
The retrospective element typical of the 19th century art is directly related not just to the tendencies of artistic development but to historical heritage of culture as well. The largest and most prominent Baltic medieval monument - Riga Dome complex - was influenced by this aspect. This article aims to follow the processes from the reconstruction that started in the 1880s till 12 May 1909 when the Dome Construction Department of the Riga History and Antiquities Research Society announced the completion of the Dome Cathedral and Monastery reconstruction. The question how the magnificent ensemble, an integral part of the city panorama, was constructed and changed over time remains topical. To what an extent the Protestant pragmatism and recurrent retrospective tendency had fostered the preservation of the Dome's medieval overall image and how did various epochs bring in their own stylistic transformations are the aspects under scrutiny. First one has to return to ancient times: on 25 July 1211, St. James' Day, there was a festive ceremony during which the Bishop Albert (c. 1165-1229) laid the foundation stone of an ambitious project. In the 13th century the Cathedral and the adjoining Monastery were completed, becoming the largest medieval complex in the Baltic region. Of course, some additions were brought by the following centuries, but the imposing architectonic structure, noted as an outstanding example of transition from the Romanesque to the early Gothic style, has survived till our days. The first building material of Riga Dome Cathedral was limestone blocks, but it was completed using red brick and should be included in the area of Central European Brick Gothic.
4

REKONŠTRUKCIA KATEGÓRIE ZODPOVEDNOSTI: TEÓRIA A PRAX

100%
Ujházyová M.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
|
2010
|
vol. 65
|
issue 4
366-370
EN
The ground of the pragmatic approach to moral concepts and conceptions is its belief, that the moral concepts are rooted in social praxis and that they reflect the tensions, problems and crises present in social life. For the American philosopher Marion Smiley the category approving this approach is responsibility. Unveiling the social and historical moments, which determine our understanding of the subject of responsibility, as well as the very judgments on causal responsibility questions the universalistic conceptions of moral responsibility. At the same time Smiley tries to create a unified methodological frame in which the controversial problems of judging the responsibility of individual subjects could be resolved.
5

ETYMOLOGICAL REMARKS ON SLAVONIC VOCABULARY. 6-12

100%
Iliadi A.
|
2006
|
vol. 55
|
issue 3
393-399
EN
The article is devoted to the etymology and reconstruction of some Slavic dialect words (Czech 'baliga', Kashub. 'guldra', R. 'bagan', 'cheriabat', Old-Bulg. 'usma'). The analysis of these allows the reconstruction of Old Slavonic lexical units that have manifestly a dialect specifics.
6

ADDITIONAL REMARKS ON 'BASNIK A ZENA' (TWO VERSIONS OF THE SAME POEM) (Dodatok k Basnikovi a zene (dve verzie jednej basne))

88%
Habaj M.
Slovenská literatúra (Slovak Literature)
|
2010
|
vol. 57
|
issue 6
552-559
EN
The aim of the article is to show the process of transformation of Smrek´s poetic gesture according to how the differences between the versions of poetic composition Basnik a zena (The Poet and the Woman) published in the magazine (1925) and in the book (1934. The second, the third and the forth chapter of the poetic composition published in the book (1934) differs from its version published in the magazine (1925). The major part of the composition was so much changed that we speak about the worked out and the late edition. Smrek made the changes probably in the period of 1933 and 1934 and they are interested not in terms of the change itself but because of the intention that is expressed through them. Transformation of Smrek´s poetic gesture is reflected in them, as it was being gradually established from the 20th to the 30th and they primarily express the transition from sensual type of Vitalism to the moral or ethically based type of Vitalism. The contribution of the article is in showing the existence of two different versions of the composition, as the literary historiography has ignored that fact until now or have not reacted to it. In the context of our research the results concerning the transformation of Smrek´s poetic gesture are relevant.
7

ČASOPIS DAV OČAMI ŠTEFANA DRUGA (NAD KNIHOU DAV A DAVISTI)

88%
Csiba K.
Slovenská literatúra (Slovak Literature)
|
2017
|
vol. 64
|
issue 5
368 – 376
EN
The paper is written in the form of comments on the book DAV a davisti /DAV and Davists by Štefan Drug. Within the purview of the author´s chronological reconstruction of how the magazine DAV was published, the author makes an attempt to follow the linear time axis, from which he choose several key moments. These are marginally confronted with the contemporary reader´s perspective. It shows that the character of the historical overview of the individual volumes enters into the relationship with the up-to-date literary and historical premises. Despite the historical determinations the key point in the present paper lies in reading Štefan Drug. It is dominated by the view of revealing the author´s open as well as concealed assessments of the contributions to this interwar social and cultural periodical. What is even more significant in the paper is his stated effort to adopt the documentary approach to the individual volumes and editions of the magazine. Štefan Drug uses them to summarize a number of the topics and goals of the whole DAV group, which can be seen from the contemporary viewpoint as one of the ways how to at least partly ensure them a more adequate place in the interwar Slovak cultural and social life.
8

THE POSSIBILITY OF IDENTIFYING OF PREHISTORIC UNITS OF LENGTH (O mozliwosciach poznania pradziejowych jednostek miary dlugosci)

88%
Gralak T.
Przegląd Archeologiczny
|
2009
|
vol. 57
73-97
EN
This paper is an example of making use of possibilities of measure analysis. Piskorzówek 14, district Olawa, has been the first analysed site. Some relics of a Lusatian settlement from the III EB period were discovered there. It has been noticed that the objects were situated along one line. Regularity of intervals has been observed among the objects. To reconstruct the original layout, a model has been constructed, according to which hypothetical homesteads were round in shape. The shortest distance between the objects situated along the axis organizing the settlement, which was 13 m, has been treated as the chord length. So, the reconstructed homestead was 132,665 square metres in area. If, however, the homestead is assumed to be square in shape, it could be up to 169 square metres in area. A Lusatian settlement from the Hallstatt C period from Wojkowice, site no. 15, district Wroclaw, has been the next analysed site. The reconstructed unit of measure is 78,5 cm. It has been recognized that repeated modules were used for laying out the buildings. These were a square of side lengths 4 x 4 units and a rectangle of side lengths 4 x 3 units. In the case of a settlement from the Hallstatt D period from Nowy Sleszów 4, district Wroclaw, layouts of discovered buildings have been compared with the findings from Wojkowice. The achieved results allowed to establish that the same unit of length was used in the both places. A rectangular module of side lengths 3 x 4 units and a square module of side lengths 3 x 3 units were used for laying out a building. Polwica 4, 5 and Skrzypnik 8, district Olawa, constitute the next analysed site. Several relics of pole buildings, dated to the early Roman period, have been excavated there. The reconstructed unit of measure is 71,5 cm. Repeated modules in the form of rectangular modules of side lengths 3 x 4 units and square modules of side lengths 3 x 3 units were used for laying out the buildings.
9

EARLY MEDIEVAL HILLFORTS. COMMENTS ON THE CONSTRUCTION AND LIFESPAN OF FORTIFICATIONS BASED ON MODERN RECONSTRUCTIONS IN MODRÁ NEAR VELEHRAD

88%
Galuška L.
Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)
|
2021
|
vol. 69
|
issue suppl 2
449 – 466
EN
The paper discusses questions related to the determination of the lifespan and functionality of wood-soil fortifications of early medieval hillforts. The paper builds on our experiences gained during nearly twenty years of observations at the archaeological open-air museum in Modrá near Velehrad in Moravia, Czech Republic. We compare our findings with other archaeological open-air museums and research concerning fortifications. The paper presents older as well as the most recent reconstructions of fortifications built in Modrá between the years 2020 and 2021. Those constructions are then compared with similar fortifications recently reconstructed on the Bojná-Valy hillfort near Topoľčany in Western Slovakia. Finally, we briefly discuss several questions concerning hillforts and their fortifications in the Great Moravian times (9th c.).
10

Mity założycielskie powojennego Wrocławia

75%
Zawada A.
Dziennikarstwo i Media
|
2010
|
vol. 1
45-53
EN
The author raises the key question of whether modern Wrocław has a founding myth. In the article, he discusses several possible invariants of Wrocław’s founding myth after World War II. The reconstruction myth is considered as the first one in terms of chronology and axiology. It is followed by the myth of the Kresy [Borderlands], the myth of the Piasts, the myth of multiculturalism and the myth of the Meeting Place. The article also includes a description of the transition from strangeness, conflict and hostility to diversity, cooperation and curiosity. The author emphasises the role of the media in making urban space familiar and in promoting the values related to the city as a cultural phenomenon.
11

HOW TO RECONSTRUCT A THOUGHT EXPERIMENT

75%
Picha M.
Organon F. medzinárodný časopis pre analytickú filozofiu
|
2011
|
vol. 18
|
issue 2
154-188
EN
The paper is a contribution to the debate on the epistemic-logical status of the thought experiments. The author deals with the epistemological uniqueness of experiments in the sense of their irreducibility to other sources of justification. In particular, he criticizes an influential argument for the irreducibility of thought experiments to general arguments. First, he introduces the radical empiricist theory of eliminativism, which considers thought experiments to be rhetorically modified arguments, uninteresting from the epistemological point of view. Second, the author presents objections to the theory, focusing on the critique of eliminativism by Tamar Szabo Gendler based on the reconstruction of Galileo's famous Pisa experiment. He shows that her reconstruction is simplistic and that a more elaborate reconstruction is needed for an appropriate assessment of the epistemic power of general argument. He proposes such a reconstruction and demonstrates that the general version of the Pisa experiment is epistemically equal to the particular one. Thus, from an epistemological perspective, Galileo's thought experiment is reducible to a straightforward argument without particular premises.
12

Wrocławskie Kramy Bogate w świetle najnowszych badań archeologiczno-architektonicznych posesji przy Przejściu Garncarskim 2

75%
Krzywka M.
Śląskie Sprawozdania Archeologiczne
|
2011
|
vol. 53
283-304
EN
The latest study made in the block of buildings at the centre of the Market Square at No. 2 Przejście Garncarskie St. covered an area which according to archival maps, was the north-eastern fragment of the historical complex of rich merchants’ shops and the south-eastern fragment of the area with cloth merchants’ shops. The site of investigation lies between the Przejście Żelaźnicze (German name Eisenkram) running between the northern and the southern row of rich merchants’ shops, its earlier name recorded on R. Stein’s map as “Unter den Leinwandereissem” – which separated two rows of cloth merchants’ shops. The northern buildings of the rich merchants’ shops and southern cloth shops stood back to back. Investigation of these historic urban structures called for integration of the results of historical queries, archaeological and architectural studies. After all, the archaeological features represent relics of buildings, their development, or belonged to features and structures associated with the planning of urban space. The investigation made in 2008/2009 focused on an area which, according to archival maps and reconstructions made by historians - was occupied by rich merchants’ business premises (9), cloth merchants’ shops (4) and a building of unknown function. However, no evidence on the two latter was found. If they had existed in this location they must have above-ground structures without cellars. The earlier occupation levels had been destroyed by development of the 19th century but below the cellar level sunken features from the 13th c. (pits, production vats) were discovered dug into the natural layer, and younger rectangular pits filled with stones, finally, a well, backfilled during the 15th c., was found on site of the building with an unknown function. At the lowest level of the 14th c. cellar walls of the rich merchants’ businesses relics of wooden foundations of the earliest buildings dated by pottery to the 2nd half of 13th c. They must have been dug directly into the natural layer or had had cellar. Vaulted cellars built of brick and stone repeated the system of the older timber structures. Relics of medieval walls were identified within the 19th and 20th century walls of the building at the level of cellars, ground floor and first floor. Other findings included walls which divided the cramped cellar space into separate areas, pillars, and relics of 15th and 16th c. timber undercrofts dug into the ground. An unexpected find for the architects was a 14th c. stone portal between two chambers which suggests very early stage of joining chambers together in a period when they should have been functioning as separate commercial facilities. Analysis of the detailed drawn documentation and measurements, archival photographs and iconography available on the medieval commercial facilities made it possible to identify the architectonic features unearthed during fieldwork and a provisional reconstruction of the row of rich merchants’ business premises in the Market Square in Wrocław.
13

JURIS VASILJEVS AND RIGA: SUBJECTIVELY SELECTED SKETCHES (Juris Vasiljevs un Riga: subjektivi atlasitas skices)

75%
Dekante H.
Materiali Latvijas makslas vesturei
|
2004
|
vol. 4
151-162
EN
The architect and architecture historian Juris Vasiljevs (1928-1993) stands out as one of the most prominent explorers and champions of Riga architectural heritage what was the key subject of his enthusiastic research and teaching practice. Vasiljevs' daughter, architect Helena Dekante reiterates her father's creative biography from his first arrival in Riga at the age of 16 in 1944 to his last articles in the early 1990s. Illustrated by extensive quotations from Vasiljevs' Riga-related publications and the author's own memory episodes, these 'subjectively selected sketches' vividly recreate the life-long relationship of the scholar to his city as a story of particular love, professional concern and devotion. Living in Old Riga, Juris could not accept the violent post-war deconstruction of the damaged buildings, and at his graduation from the Faculty of Architecture of the Latvian University in 1951, he dared to plan the destroyed steeple of the St. Peter's Church as reconstructed in his graduation project of the Republican Library. The dissertation on Neoclassicism in Riga architecture of the late 18th and early 19th centuries (1955) was followed by a comprehensive monograph on the same subject (1961, in Russian) that remains the basic treatise about this period in the architecture of Latvia. The work on the guide 'Riga. Architectural Monuments' (1971, in Russian) was an opportunity to pay particular attention to Old Riga, 'the unique, magnificent pearl of the Baltics', as he praised it in the introduction. Vasiljevs co-authored the album 'The Dom Cathedral Architectural Ensemble in Riga' (Leningrad, 1981, German, Spanish, French and English editions) and contributed to several dictionaries. In the 1980s his special concern was the Latvian section of the reference guide to Belarus, Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia in the series 'Artistic Heritage of the USSR' (1986, In Russian). Vasiljevs' last studies showed a growing scholarly interest in figural reliefs as meaningful memorial marks in the transition period from the late medieval Riga to that of the modem times.
14

AN ANCIENT EGYPTIAN STATUETTE FROM A PRIVATE COLLECTION IN BRATISLAVA

75%
Magdolen D.
Asian and African Studies
|
2007
|
vol. 16
|
issue 2
229 - 248
EN
The basic characteristics of the ancient Egyptian statuette from a private collection in Bratislava are described in this paper from the point of view of typology, iconography and epigraphy. In this connection related problems are discussed including reconstruction of the damaged inscription, its contents, translation and meaning, as well as the name of the statuette's owner, dating and so on. Moreover, one of the objectives of this research is the investigation of the possible authenticity of this artefact and its ancient origin.
15

Rīgas pils erkers

75%
Dirveiks I., Jaunzems-Pētersons U.
Makslas Vesture un Teorija
|
2018
|
vol. 21
6-18
EN
In today’s Latvia, only a few bay windows older than the rich historical quotes of the 19th century Historicist period are on view in their original locations. A bay window built in the mid-17th century has survived in the northwest corner of Riga Castle; this is the only such ancient structure in Latvia whose artistic quality permits comparisons to other Mannerist and Baroque examples of Northern Europe. Especially significant in Latvia’s history of architecture and art are the decorative reliefs on the bay window façades. This article aims to bring together the information we have so far and include changes resulting from the latest studies. This means giving a precise picture of how much and what exactly has been preserved from the original bay window construction and analyse its architectonic and artistic significance in the context of Riga’s 17th century architecture, while adding new facts to the known construction history. The walls of the Riga Castle bay window are made of a stone framework with decoratively treated slabs filling the space between the uprights and profiled horizontal cornices beneath the window openings. Each storey has a separate small, octagonal premise with doors leading to the rooms inside the block. The initial openings of the bay window were twice as high as those visible now. The stone walls were doubled inside with a half-timbered construction. Regardless of the details transformed over time, they give an idea of the artistic expression of the original reliefs and the programmatic message of the bay window’s décor. Even in the form of copies, this clearly demonstrates the artistic and architectural tendencies of a particular epoch, remaining among the most significant examples of 17th century Northern European Mannerist sculpture in Latvia.
16

RECONSTRUCTION OF THE AENEOLITHIC HOUSE FROM CHYNORANY (Rekonstrukcia eneolitickeho domu z Chynorian)

63%
Duris J.
Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)
|
2011
|
vol. 59
|
issue 1
87-147
EN
Remarkable variability, frequently also in the regions of the same culture (or cultural complex), manifested in the building construction and technology, is one of the evidences of relatively intensive mutual cultural influences. Similar situation can be defined for the Lengyel culture spread also within the northern part of the Carpathian Basin. Apart from general cultural spectrum of the Neolithic and Aeneolithic Period at the mentioned territory, this study is focused particularly on the Lengyel culture in which the innovations in house architecture and related new technological solutions and building techniques occurred. These reflected also the influences from immediate neighbourhood of the Carpathian Basin. In the building technology the main innovation is the construction of a ceiling (attic space) to which a series of technological changes is related adapted probably from the Vinca culture. The most similar to the burnt house no. 2 from Chynorany is a burnt house no. 10/80 from Budmerice, epilengyel-Lengyel IV, and burnt compact clay daub block from the same site (structure 2, area I), all in in situ position. On the basis of analyses of finding context and of its confrontation with measurements of clay daub fragments' burning intensity can feature 1 (burnt destruction of ceiling and perimeter walls of the house 2) be interpreted as one-storey house with ceiling with wooden construction and clay daub-plastered upper surface formed from split construction elements (here split planks). No post-holes were detected. Approximate shape or size of foundations can be reconstructed only on the basis of upper burnt clay daub destruction. At Chynorany, min. 5, max. 12 burnt houses were attested by geophysical prospecting of the area 60 x 60 m. Average size of the houses at Chynorany was 16.5 x 6.5 m. Detected burnt houses lied in relatively short mutual distances, seemingly forming irregular parallel streets with 3-5 m spacing between the houses.
17

ARCHITECTURAL RESEARCH GROUP (AIG) (Arhitektoniskas izpetes grupa (AIG))

63%
Eglaja B., Strupule V.
Makslas Vesture un Teorija
|
2003
|
vol. 1
50-57
EN
The short insights focus on several projects of the company 'Architectural Research Group' that carry out reconstruction and restoration of historical buildings (manor houses, churches, castle ruins etc.) in Latvia. Kuksi manor house stands out by its polychrome painted interiors from the 19th century but Bervircava manor house is noted by its splendid baroque-style painted beams. In Riga significant values were discovered in the house at Liela Pils Street 21, featuring a decorated ceiling dated by early classicism, and Kalpaka Blvd 7 with a perfect ensemble of historicism with later art nouveau additions and neo-rococo elements from the 1920s.
18
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Pojęcie i doświadczenie czasu w polskiej sztuce konceptualnej

38%
Zdanowicz M. H.
Sztuka i Dokumentacja
|
2012
|
issue 6
141-147
EN
In my paper I analyse the art of selected Polish conceptual artists, whose art and creative strategies clearly attempt to analyse the essence of time. I consider exceptional in this context the work of Roman Opalka (Opałka 1965 /1 - ∞), Natalia LL's recordings (Permanent recordings of time), Zdzislaw Jurkiewicz's Saturn and Jupiter Ways, and the projects by Stanisław Dróżdż (FROM TO) that touch upon various levels of time. In the presented analyses, I refer to the psychological and philosophical concept of perception and aperception, as well as an anthropological understanding of time. In my view, conceptual art is the genre whose characteristics lie in the conscious cognition and deep intellectual analysis of the reality surrounding the artist. With regard to the active role of the mind in the process of perception the aperception of time may be a more appropriate term.
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