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1

Participative social justice and wage-sharing system

100%
Kabaj M.
Problemy Polityki Społecznej. Studia i Dyskusje
|
2004
|
issue 6
137-149
EN
The paper is devoted to an analysis of two new concepts: participative social system and wage-sharing system. The proposed concepts are based on the following principle: the principle of sharing and the fair distribution; the superiority results of enterprise over redistribution of value added (although redistribution should not be neglected); the superiority of results oriented wage negotiation system over claim-oriented system
2

The effects of the 2000-20001 minimum-wage rise on income distribution

100%
Szabo A. P.
Kozgazdasagi Szemle (Economic Review)
|
2007
|
vol. 54
|
issue 5
397-414
EN
The statutory minimum wage in Hungary rose by 57 per cent in 2001 and 25 per cent in 2002. Previous work on the effects has concentrated mainly on employment rather than redistributive aspects. This study examines where those affected by the increases are located in the income-distribution structure and how their positions have changed with the rises in the minimum wage. It was found that more than a half belong to the upper three income quintiles, so that minimum-wage earners cannot be identified with the poor, although the calculations showed that the majority appeared indeed to earn the minimum wage. The increases had a positive effect on the incomes of minimum wage earners, especially those in poorer households. The losers by the increases were those in the topmost income quintile and those made redundant, most of the latter being poor.
3

Uncertainty and the demand for redistribution in Hungary

100%
Molnar G., Kapitany Z.
Kozgazdasagi Szemle (Economic Review)
|
2007
|
vol. 54
|
issue 3
201-232
EN
The main objective determinants of demand for redistribution are labour-market participation, education, family structure (to some extent), and income mobility. Demand from people of low education and living on the border between activity and inactivity - the unemployed, disability pensioners, casual workers, and people living on benefits - is higher than from others, irrespective of income level. Redistribution is favoured to a less than average extent by entrepreneurs, managers and chief executives. Long-term downwardly mobile people favour income redistribution more than others, but long-term upward mobility does not decrease demand and may even increase it. The authors analyse systematic differences between factual relative and subjective income mobility. This mobility perception difference shows that perceived, not actual relative income position is the strong determinant. Underestimation of relative income position can be an important cause of high demand. A very low proportion of people are strongly opposed to redistribution. Those dissatisfied are more favourably inclined. Labour-market expectations are crucial influences on demand; the greater the employment anxiety, the greater the support for redistribution. The same applies to belief that inequalities are increasing. The most frustrated are the indecisive, with no clear idea of their future, and they are the most averse to the rich. It emerges that perception of income mobility is state-dependent and influenced mostly by uncertainty. The main policy conclusion is that reducing uncertainty on the labour market and raising educational attainment may be the most efficient government tools for lowering demand for redistribution, rather than directly increasing income.
4

Redistributive fiscal policy in an open economy.

100%
Szilagyi K.
Kozgazdasagi Szemle (Economic Review)
|
2006
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vol. 53
|
issue 4
330-348
EN
The study examines the effect of an expansive fiscal policy on a small open economy through a two-sector real model. The budget policy in the model redistributes the resources: the state budget is expansive if it enhances this redistribution. It is shown that in this case - given realistic assumptions of the consumption structure of those injured and those benefited by the redistribution - a two-sector real model is capable of illustrating many observations (stylized facts) seen as customary in the literature. The model is not calibrated, for its operation is a outline example, a numerical exercise in approximate qualitative description of certain experienced characteristics, and it cannot be viewed as an adjusted simulation of the actual economy. However, it is argued that in this simple, rudimentary form, it can be an interesting illustration, even for evaluating recent developments in Hungary.
5
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EFFECTS OF CHANGES IN TAX/BENEFIT POLICIES IN AUSTRIA 2003–2005

88%
Fuchs M., Lietz C.
Sociologický časopis. Czech Sociological Review
|
2007
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vol. 43
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issue 3
611-636
EN
The aim of this paper is to evaluate whether policy reforms in Austria between 2003 and 2005 were successful in meeting redistributive objectives and in reducing poverty. The authors use the tax/benefit micro-simulation model EUROMOD for this analysis. In the period under review the 2004-2005 tax reform was introduced and contributions to health insurance were raised. On the benefit side no major changes took place, the main family benefits were not even indexed to inflation. The authors find that the measures had no significant impact on poverty and income distribution. However, in total they increased the disposable income of almost all groups of the population.
6
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Kontinuita a změna přesvědčení o distributivní spravedlnosti v České republice v letech 1991 až 2009

75%
Matějů P., Smith M. L.
Sociologický časopis. Czech Sociological Review
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2012
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vol. 48
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issue 1
65-85
EN
The article analyses changes in beliefs about distributive justice in the Czech Republic from 1991 to 2009 in an international comparative perspective. Based on previous analyses and published work, the article formulates the hypothesis that the process of crystallisation of the two main ideologies or norms of distributive justice, namely meritocratic and egalitarian ideologies, which was confirmed in analyses carried out from 1991 to 1995, continued in later years. The article draws on the fundamental theories of distributive justice and utilises data from surveys carried out in 1991, 1995, 2006 and 2009, which the authors analyse in terms of measurement and structural models. The models confi rm the hypothesis that the crystallisation of norms of distributive justice continued in more recent years, and that at present these norms are internally structured in almost the same way as in advanced democracies. These norms are thus closely tied to the stratification system, which means that meritocracy has solidified its position as the dominant norm of distributive justice, whereas egalitarianism has gradually become a ‘challenging’ norm preferred by individuals in lower-status positions in the stratifi cation system.
7

REFORMA VÝDAVKOVEJ STRANY ROZPOČTU EURÓPSKEJ ÚNIE

75%
Beličková K., Kristeľ M.
Ekonomický časopis (Journal of Economics)
|
2011
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vol. 59
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issue 10
1005 – 1017
EN
The paper focuses on the EU budget reform and defines structure and principles of the reformed expenditure side of the EU budget which supports political goals and priorities of the EU. It compares past reform proposals and up-to-date proposal of the multiannual financial framework published in June 2011. Based on the theory of fiscal federalism and Strategy Europe 2020 it is outlined what should be done in the future to meet the challenges of the new economic situation.
8

THE REDISTRIBUTIVE ROLE OF THE STATE IN THE BRITISH AND DUTCH HEALTH CARE MARKET. IS THERE ANOTHER WAY? (Az allam ujraeloszto szerepe Hollandia es Anglia egeszsegugyi piacan. Mindenki maskepp csinalja?)

63%
Nagy B., Brandtmuller A., Dozsa C.
Tarsadalomkutatas (Social Science Research)
|
2009
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vol. 27
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issue 2
117-138
EN
From the eighties many developed countries withdrew from many sectors of the economy in order to sustain international competitiveness and financial sustainability while preserving a dominant role on the market of health care. Such trend can be explained by ageing populations, the diffusion of health care technologies, changes in the disease structure and in the preferences of the society. In this study the authors examine these phenomena through the review of the British and Dutch health care systems and allocation mechanisms. Both countries design their health care system through very similar principles: efficiency and equity; and also follow quite different socio-economic preferences, while they respond to challenges in different ways. The role of private sector in the Dutch health care system has been increasing and this has resulted in the development of a national health insurance system based on regulated competition. The underlying principal of British health care has been the promotion of equity which has strongly endorsed the preservation of state-held territorial service monopolies. In spite of finding rudimentary differences in the two countries' health system, governments' role in redistributing health care resources and coordinating health care market remained dominant. At the same time, with the pressure on national health care budgets the role of the private sector, efficiency considerations and competition amplified. The authors find that in spite of the challenges of the global and domestic environment, national health policies still have the possibility to take public preferences firmly into account, and, as a consequence, welfare states do not only reflect to recent changes in the health care sector but have the potential to bring them about.
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