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1

Analiza zróżnicowań poziomu rozwoju województw polski wschodniej w kontekście „strategii rozwoju społeczno-gospodarczego polski wschodniej do roku 2020”

100%
Perło D.
Optimum. Studia Ekonomiczne
|
2012
|
issue 6(60)
197-230
EN
The aim of the study was to analyse the similarities and differences between the individual provinces of the functional region of Eastern Poland. Special emphasis was placed on compar-ison of the areas which were qualified as strategic ones in the updated version of the Strategy for Socio-economic Development of Eastern Poland until 2020. To compare the level of economic development, the innovative potential, labour resources, quality of human capital, and the development of transport infrastructure in the individual provinces, Hellwig’s taxonomic measure of development and Ward’s agglomeration combinatorial method were used. This made it possible to identify which of the areas under analysis can be regarded as a relatively homogeneous sphere of intervention and which require an individual approach.
2
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AGGLOMERATION AND INSTITUTIONAL EFFECTS ON DYNAMICS IN REGIONAL DISPARITIES: EXPERIENCE FROM POLAND AND JAPAN

80%
Nakamura R., Taguchi M.
Ekonomia. Rynek, Gospodarka, Społeczeństwo
|
2011
|
issue 25
3-31
EN
Poland and Japan, there were quite different characteristics in terms of economic system. Since drastic change of economic system in Poland in 1989, increase of economic disparities in terms of unemployment rates across regions was remarkable, probably due to the spatially deviated foreign direct investment. However, in recent years we can also observe a tendency of divergence in regional economic disparities in NUTS 2 level. Turning to Japanese regions, inter-regional income disparities is expanding since 2001 while in 1990s Japanese economies were strongly suffered from the Bubble burst. Japanese central government is now thinking about the reformulation of regional (local) governments, called prefectures. At this point, it is worthwhile to examine dynamics in regional disparities of two countries by comparing quantitatively regional institutional systems as well as economic situations. With regard to convergence/divergence model in the sense of Barro and Sala-i-Martin, there are few studies which incorporate agglomeration effects. We try to explain the dynamics of inter-regional disparities by institutional factors, which are different between two countries, as well as economic factors. The estimation model starts from defining regional production function, and we propose a new estimation model and implement estimation with regional time-series and cross-section data of Poland and Japan. Finally, we would like to refer to some policy implications for desirable regional economic system.
3

REGIONÁLNA SÚDRŽNOSŤ A REGIONÁLNA POLITIKA V EKONOMICKEJ TRANSFORMÁCII

80%
Žárská E.
Ekonomický časopis (Journal of Economics)
|
2005
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vol. 53
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issue 1
92-106
EN
Process of economy transformation has had various impacts on individual regions of Slovakia. Developed regions with diversified branch structure were able to adapt with no serious problems, traditionally fossil and stagnant regions were not able to react to transformation process running and their stagnancy was getting deeper. Accordingly the number of regions with acute problems in economic and social development was extended. Different position, great contrasts in regions efficiency and level became a starting point that did not give a chance to solve their problems in medium horizont. It creates hard and very difficult emplacement of troubleshooting (fossil and stagnant) regions in their effort to achieve regional cohesion.
4
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POSSIBILITIES AND PROSPECTS FOR SOLUTION OF RURAL EMPLOYMENT

80%
Buchta S.
Sociológia (Sociology)
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2007
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vol. 39
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issue 2
119-135
EN
The article deals with the prospects for a solution to rural employment in Slovakia. It defines rural space according to the OECD definition and outlines the starting points for a future strategy of solution to rural employment. It identifies the most important factors shaping the development of this area such as, for instance, pressures on labor mobility and labor productivity, demands for improvement of human capital, the infrastructure facilities, restructuring and diversification of rural economy, and changes in a demographic evolution. The outlined perspective of the solution consists indeed in two dimensions, i.e. the development of the human resources and the increase in the entrepreneurial and regional competitiveness. It argues that a continuation of the present situation sets up a danger of the persistence of dual economy and growing socially unacceptable differentiation, including the persistence of the unequal opportunities for the population and the entrepreneurial activities as well particularly in the remote and economically underdeveloped regions. With regard to the significant regional disparities and reduced competitiveness of the economically disadvantaged rural areas, it is necessary to solve this problem progressively and, in particular, systematically.
5

THE NEW EU MEMBER STATES: CURRENT TENDENCIES IN REGIONAL DIFFERENTIATION

80%
Abrhám J.
Ekonomický časopis (Journal of Economics)
|
2007
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vol. 55
|
issue 10
1007-1024
EN
The transformation of the economies of the Central and Eastern European states was on the regional level very significantly connected with the differential tendencies. In all new EU member states there has been from the beginning of the 90s to date a continuous deepening of the regional disparities on the economic level. The regional disparities result from a number of the economic, social and geographical factors. This article is a contribution to the studies of regional differentiation in the new EU member states. The goal of this study is to clear up the actual trends and major factors of regional growth and differentiation of the new EU member states.
6
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Analysis of the Employment Situation by the Visegrad Four Countries

80%
Liptak K.
Zarządzanie Publiczne
|
2010
|
issue 3 (11)
47-56
EN
My paper presents the employment situation by the Visegrad Four (V4) countries (Poland, Czech Republic, Slovakia and Hungary) in the recent years. I have chosen the analysis of the employment policy, unemployment and the regional disparities because they have been more and more used in the economy and can be considered an actual question. The extensive economic literature deals with the role of the state it plays in the area of employment and revitalising demand in order to treat economic crisis; it also includes the probable benefits and drawbacks of the measures. My hypothesis states that the employment position of the Visegrad Four is different in the European Union relation, and in the V4 relations, its human resource position is weak, the level of employment is low, which is influenced by several factors and the four countries have different employment trends. The methodology of the paper is the analysis of available statistical data, the study and critical analysis of the situation.
7
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THE MEASUREMENT OF POWERTY IN THE REGIONS OF THE SLOVAK REPUBLIK

80%
Michalek A.
Sociológia (Sociology)
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2004
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vol. 36
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issue 1
7-30
EN
Poverty is a grave social phenomenon which is intricately interconnected with and significantly affects different sides of human life and society. Poverty is a complex and multidimensional problem, which has not only a socio-structural dimension but also a socio-spatial one. That is why the central aim of this contribution is to conceptualise poverty in relation to space, to measure the level of poverty in selected territorial units (Slovak districts) and to identify districts with the highest level of poverty. An essential condition for the elimination of poverty is the knowledge of its spatial aspects, especially of its concentration, extent and differentiation. We measured the level of poverty in 79 districts in Slovakia (NUTS IV) using the conception of multiply deprivation based on the measurement of deprivations of important elements in human life. (Townsend, P., 1987) We analysed poverty by using relevant statistical data of seven significant indicators that determine or induce poverty (the lack of employment or education, a large and/or single-parent family, an overcrowded apartment, the lack of a bathroom and of a car). The quantification of deprivation level by a point evaluation and by measuring the indicators mentioned above became the evaluative means to determine the level of poverty in districts. On the basis of a quantitative evaluation of these indicators we gained a synthetic indicator of poverty. It presents a numeric expression of the poverty level in Slovak districts. The values obtained from the synthetic indicator differ considerably from each other, corresponding to significant regional disparities in the poverty level. On the grounds of this inequality, we identified the districts that are most affected by poverty. In the stricter sense, there are 16 districts with a high level of poverty, but in the broader sense, there are 21 more. From the territorial perspective, the majority of these districts are located in the south and in the east of Slovakia. These districts are characterised by their low level of demographic, economic, social and infrastructural potential, and by a lack of modern and fast communications and thus difficult traffic accessibility. The information gained concerning this unequal poverty level provides both a cognitive and explicative significance, i.e. it is an important basis to use in searching for solutions and programs aimed at the gradual elimination of poverty.
8
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REGIONAL DISPARITIES OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT (Regionalne dysparytety rozwoju spoleczno-ekonomicznego)

80%
Gorczyca M.
Ekonomia. Rynek, Gospodarka, Społeczeństwo
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2011
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issue 25
32-74
EN
The Article presents selected regional disparities of socio-economic development in Poland between 16 voivodeships and 6 macroregions in the period of 1998-2008, focusing on 2008.
9
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Nová fáze regionálního rozvoje v ČR?

70%
Blazek J., Csank P.
Sociologický časopis. Czech Sociological Review
|
2007
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vol. 43
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issue 5
945-965
EN
The article aims to identify the development phases in the process of the regional differentiation in the Czech Republic after 1989, and examines whether this differentiation trend is currently changing. The assumption the article's hypothesis is based on is that during recent development the basic 'parameters' of the principal features of the country's regional structure have been stabilized amidst the conditions of parliamentary democracy and a market economy. Unlike the first phases of socio-economic transition, when differentiating trends prevailed, a certain degree of stabilisation can now be assumed, alongside the emergence of new trends. The development of regional differences was analysed using indicators of GDP, the unemployment rate, entrepreneurial activity, and tax revenue from self-employed physical persons. The findings show that over the course of the 1990s regional differences intensified at both the mezo-regional (regional) level and the micro-regional level. It was also confirmed that at the turn of the millennium the phase of divergent regional development ended, and since that time regional differences have hovered around the same level.
10

VZTAH VÝVOJE REGIONÁLNÍ DIFERENCIACE A HOSPODÁŘSKÉHO CYKLU: TEORETICKÁ DISKUZE A EMPIRICKÝ DŮKAZ (NA PŘÍKLADU VYBRANÝCH STÁTŮ EU)

70%
Hůlka J.
Ekonomický časopis (Journal of Economics)
|
2007
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vol. 55
|
issue 10
989-1006
EN
This paper is focused on the issue of changes in the tendencies of regional economic development during the phases of business cycle. Firstly we discuss the various theoretical approaches to this issue predicting either pro-cyclical or anti-cyclical development of the regional disparities. Then is performed a basic empirical analysis for five selected EU countries on NUTS II level. We use the coefficient of variation of per capita GVA and the Hodric-Prescott time-series filter. In most cases, the regional disparities tend to increase mainly in the onset of economic expansion. Observed divergence became slow during the running expansion as the result of spatial diffusion of economic growth. On the other hand there is no clear pattern during the recession. Nevertheless, we find rather stabilization or decline of the disparities. Therefore our findings support rather pro-cyclical development of the regional disparities but with non-linear and irregular pattern affected by the strong industry-specific shocks.
11
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Kraje v České republice – existují souvislosti mezi ekonomickým rozvojem, sociálním kapitálem a výkonem krajských vlád?

70%
Kostelecky T., Patockova V., Vobecka J.
Sociologický časopis. Czech Sociological Review
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2007
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vol. 43
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issue 5
911-943
EN
The article explores the connections between the performance of the Czech regional governments, the economic development of the regions, and the level of social capital in the regions. Analyses suggest that there is no relationship between regional government performance and the economic performance of the regions, and no relationship between regional government performance and the level of social capital in the regions. Government performance does not appear to be dependent on either of these two factors. Some positive statistical relationships do exist between the level of social capital and the economic performance of the regions. This relationship is stronger when the dynamics of the changes are evaluated - economic growth in the period between 1995 and 2004 was significantly higher in regions with a higher level of social capital. Analyses also revealed the strong effect of another factor - the level of human capital as measured by the education of the population - on all the other observed parameters of the regions. The regions with more educated inhabitants recorded more rapid economic growth, a higher level of social capital, and better performing governments.
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