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Psychology from a medical perspective

100%
Lajko K.
Magyar Pszichologiai Szemle (Hungarian Psychological Review)
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2004
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vol. 59
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issue 4
561-570
EN
Medical treatments are mostly based on nomothetic laws discovered by natural sciences. These, however, can hardly cope with the problems which arise from the individuality of the patients. Psychologists trained only in nomothetic perspectives are handicapped when they are to care individuals with health problems. Drawing on the principles of the science of complex systems a new theoretical framework emerges for the treatment of the individuality problems. Concepts like emergent properties and downward causation clearly demand other approaches to human functioning than the analytic one. Clinical data indicate that the sensitivity to stress cannot be exclusively explained by biological factors but it well correlates with the negative events in the so-called ethological dimension. In this vein psychologists should be expert at direct behavioural modification methods. Because of the arbitrary nature of verbal behaviour the functional contextualism as a philosophy for therapeutic change is invoked. The techniques of the Acceptance and Commitment Therapy developed by Steven Hayes proved to be a useful treatment approach for the problems derived from the paradox nature of human language. It is suggested that these new trends in behavioural sciences are worthy of consideration for those who are concerned with people's health.
2

A map of hyperspace: How spatial can orientation in the hyperspace be?

100%
Voros Z.
Magyar Pszichologiai Szemle (Hungarian Psychological Review)
|
2004
|
vol. 59
|
issue 4
561-570
EN
The enormous information basis of the World Wide Web is comprised of multimedia data stored as hyperdocuments. A vigorous debate is ongoing about how we conceptualize this, quite possibly entirely foreign, cognitive environment, how we orientate ourselves through the topological structure of hypertext and how we obtain information from hyperspace. Among the most recognizable difficulties hiding in the hypertextual structure, the most common experiences are the disorientation and cognitive overhead that come from its network-organization, its complicated geography and its topology diverging from the printed text scripts. Currently considerable research is directed towards increasing the usability of the World Wide Web, towards the search of navigational aids resting upon the user's cognitive processes and towards the possibilities of spatialization of the hypertextual structures. As the models and paradigms relating to this area are remarkably flexible and new, and frequently contradictory empirical proofs come to light, this study is concerned with the recognition of the space defined by hypertext and the related hypothesises concerning the use of spatial language and metaphors.
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