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ORGANIZÁCIA A EXTRÉMIZMUS – AKO ORGANIZÁCIA PODMIEŇUJE NÁSILIE

100%

Grešková L.

Studia Politica Slovaca: časopis pre politické vedy, najnovšie politické dejiny a medzinárodné vzťahy

2009

vol. 2

issue 2

20 – 28

Globalisation of religion, on the one hand, helps establish constructive dialogue, promotes ecumenism, and supports communication between religions; on the other hand, it activates religious radicalism and extremism. Extremism is a complex problem: its origin varies and the people it involves vary even more. The most common problem when defining terrorism may be the failure to distinguish between assumed terrorist activities and other forms of threatening acts. Another mistake in defining extremism is the fact that it is often connected with one or the other side of the political battle. It is also not surprising that extremism is often identified with revolutionary opposition. This paper studies religious extremism as one of the phenomena of the new religiosity. Two basic approaches can be used to understand behaviour of terrorist organizations: instrumental approach and organizational approach. The first approach is based on the assumption that a terrorist act is a deliberate choice of a political actor. An organization as a unit seeks to achieve collective values, which include radical changes in political and social conditions. Thus, terrorism is interpreted as a response to an external stimulus, especially to a government action. The other approach is focused on internal organizational processes in a group that uses terrorism or between organizations that have similar goals. Subsequently, terrorism presents a result of an organization‘s struggle for survival, particularly in a competitive environment. An organization responds to the external pressure by changing its benefits for the members or by innovations. Therefore, terrorist acts do not always reflect ideological values of the organization directly.

ROZHODOVACIE PROCESY V POLITIKE KRAJÍN TRETIEHO SVETA

75%

Geist R.

Studia Politica Slovaca: časopis pre politické vedy, najnovšie politické dejiny a medzinárodné vzťahy

2008

vol. 1

issue 1

94 - 114

The politics of the developing countries, or rather political decisions made by their elites, are often interpreted as “irrational”. Media news and commentaries often put them in contrast to the politics of the developed, “modern” world. Such approach is also mirrored by political science – particularly when trying to explicate such phenomena as “terrorism”, religious extremism, or ethnic conflicts, but also when interpreting “regular policies”, like, for example, economic policy. Looking into how external environment, i.e., international system on the one hand and intrastate system on the other infl uence decisions of the political elites in the Third World could be one of the ways of overcoming such Eurocentrism. For this, we will compare the usability of different theoretical approaches for specifi cconditions in the developing world. The first part of the paper analyses the nature of international system, its structure and the substance of the concept of “national sovereignty”. The second part investigates specific features of a (semi)peripheral state and factors that create them. The final part studies the influence of the international system and of the specific features of a (semi)peripheral state on the decisions of its political elite. Due to the limited size of the current paper, the author cannot cover particular displays of similarities in the policies of the Third World countries; the paper only presents theoretical approaches to their investigation. The former topic is discussed in more detail in the author’s dissertation thesis.

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2 Studia Politica Slovaca: časopis pre politické vedy, najnovšie politické dejiny a medzinárodné vzťahy

1 2009

1 2008

1 Geist R.

1 Grešková L.

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ORGANIZÁCIA A EXTRÉMIZMUS – AKO ORGANIZÁCIA PODMIEŇUJE NÁSILIE

ROZHODOVACIE PROCESY V POLITIKE KRAJÍN TRETIEHO SVETA