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SITUATION OF CHURCHES AND RELIGIOUS ASSOCIATIONS IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC AND SLOVAKIA AFTER 1989. SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES (Sytuacja Kosciolów i zwiazków wyznaniowych w Czechach i na Slowacji po 1989 r. Podobienstwa i roznice)

100%
Palka E.
Przegląd Zachodni
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2010
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issue 1(334)
141-162
EN
The article characterizes the situation of Churches and religious associations in the Czech Republic and Slovakia after 1989. Along with the onset of transformations of the political system, previously marginalized and persecuted religious associations obtained the possibility of a free development and independence from state authorities, while their members were guaranteed religious liberties. Following the division of the Czechoslovak state into two independent republics - Czech and Slovak - Churches and religious associations have enjoyed freedom, conditions have also been created for development of their activity, religious as well as charitable, cultural, educational, etc. Appropriate legal regulations have also been introduced. However, many problems still remain unsolved, above all the problem of financing the Churches, and in the case of the Czech Republic also the restitution of Church property and the concordate. The situation of religious associations in those countries is also influenced by a change of attitudes toward religion. The highly secularized Czech society shows a well-advanced indifference to religious matters, whereas in Slovakia the Church enjoys social trust and believers make up a large section of the society.
2
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Příspěvek k dějinám tolerance a náboženské svobody: Jan Leopold von Hay, biskup královéhradecký (1735–1794)

100%
Mičo M.
Studia theologica
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2005
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vol. 7
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issue 2
33-45
EN
The right to religious liberty is one of the basic human rights. The claim of the liberty of denomination was conceived at the birth of the first declarations of human rights (at the end of the18th century in the USA and France). Inside the Roman-Catholic church a very restrained and complex process took place regarding the recognition of the right for religious liberty which was acknowledged only by the Second Vatican Council in the declaration of religious liberty 'Dignitatis humanae' in 1965. In Bohemia, the Catholic bishop Johann Leopold von Hay was responsible for radiating tolerance and religious liberty in exceptional ways, and upheld the policy of tolerance of Emperor Joseph II. In his diocese he strove extraordinarily for the new way of co-existence between Catholics and Protestants. In a pastoral letter to the clergy of his diocese (published in 1781), he enunciated fundamentals and principles of religious liberty for non-Catholics, which retain universal significance for recognition of the right to religious liberty. It refers to the same principles that became the object of later theological reflection that allowed the adoption of the above mentioned declaration about religious liberty 'Dignitatis humanae'.
3
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Majestát z roku 1609 jako téma novodobé české historiografie

75%
Panek J.
Český časopis historický (The Czech Historical Review)
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2010
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vol. 108
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issue 2
220-243
EN
The Letter of Majesty on religious freedom from 9 July 1609 became the topic of modern historiographic research soon after 1850 as part of the concept of Czech early modern history. Three fundamental streams of interpretation emerged - the conservatively critical, the national-legitimistic and the liberally balanced concept. Each of these has re-appeared now and again, in variants of diverse strength and intensity until the present time. Whereas the interpretation of the Letter of Majesty in the inter-war period reflected democratic and anti-Hapsburg interpretation of Czech history, post-WW2 Marxist historiography overlooked the religious dimension of the Letter of Majesty and merely emphasized its social aspects. At the turn of the 20th century, the issue of the Letter of Majesty appeared in a new thematic context and became a focus for international research, which has led to a more complex view of this issue, thus preventing its over-politicization.
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