Search results

1

FAMILY HOUSE HEATING COSTS DEPENDING ON ENERGY SOURCE (Koszty ogrzewania domów jednorodzinnych w zaleznosci od zródle energii)

100%

Manteuffel S. H.

Optimum. Studia Ekonomiczne

|

2009

|

issue 1(41)

18-33

EN

Average total annual costs of energy provision for house heating in a standard family house with 180 m2 of floor surface (including capital, operation and maintenance costs) have been compared for various heating systems under the Polish economic conditions. The compared heating technologies comprise water-to-water and ground-loop heat pumps with both vertical and horizontal loops, a liquid gas combustion furnace, an earth gas combustion furnace, a coal combustion furnace, a straw combustion furnace, a wood combustion furnace, a wooden pellets fuelled boiler and an electric stove. A sensitivity analysis with regard to the interest rate and the value of owner's work did not change the general conclusion that in most cases heat pumps were the cheapest, while oil and coal burning furnaces or an electric boiler the most expensive solutions. The cost of house owner's own labour was decisive for the appraisal of labour intensive systems. This cost, frequently disregarded in the economic appraisal, makes a sigfnificant part of total costs as a part of transaction costs, so important in the perspective of institutional economy.

2

Perspektywy rozwoju produkcji biopaliw ciekłych w indywidualnych gospodarstwach rolnych

80%

Orynycz A. O.

Zarządzanie i Finanse

|

2012

|

vol. 2

|

issue 1

181- 192

EN

A gradual rise in the production of the energy from renewable sources is noticed. A production of biofuels, which doesn't result in the negative influence to the natural environment, is a chance for simultaneous progress of civilization and keeping advantages of the environment. In the farming (agriculture) not only a human potential, but also a local development of country areas and an appropriate legal situation are playing a great role. In the natural way among others a cultivation of the rape and similar plants becomes a part of biofuels production, which attracts increasing interest in the country. The strategic analysis of biofuel’s market enables avoiding of threats, and taking full advantage of chances. The production of liquid biofuels requires the balance between using agricultural resources to food and energy destinations.

3

PRODUCTION OF ENERGY RAW MATERIALS AND ENERGY - A KEY FUNCTION OF AGRICULTURE IN THE 21ST CENTURY

80%

Gradziuk P.

Wieś i Rolnictwo

|

2005

|

issue 4(129)

98-115

EN

The demand for energy is a direct result of economic development hence a further considerable growth in the consumption of energy is forecast to take place in the next several years. In all the examined scenarios it is predicted that after 2020 the share of conventional fuels - oil, natural gas and coal, will be diminishing in step with the depletion of their deposits and accompanying growth in energy prices. These raw materials will be replaced with the sources of renewable energy. The most important source of renewable energy in Poland is bio-mass, which can be used for the purpose of production of energy in the process of direct incineration (timber, straw, sludge), of its transformation into liquid fuels (rape-seed oil esters, alcohol) or gaseous fuels (e.g. agricultural bio-gas, bio-gas from sewage treatment plants, gas obtained from refuse heaps). The wide-scale use of bio-mass for the purpose of production of energy is likely to stimulate the development of rural areas and agriculture. The necessity to fulfil obligations stemming from the four EU Directives (2001/77/EC, 2003/30/EC, 2003/54/EC, 2003/96/EC) by the year 2010 may result in the demand for agricultural raw materials obtained from plantations covering the area of approximately a million hectares of arable land. In 2020 this demand is likely to at least double. This creates a chance not only for additional incomes from agricultural production but also for the creation of new jobs and for a less polluted environment.

4

Rozwój odnawialnych źródeł energii w świetle badań ankietowych mieszkańców powiatu włocławskiego

80%

Zawisza S., Szatkowski Ł.

Zagadnienia Doradztwa Rolniczego

|

2014

|

issue 3(77)

38-50

EN

The article contains opinions of the Włocławek district inhabitants about the renewable energy. Two research technic were used in the work: the source data analysis and public opinion poll (survey). The documentation analysis of the renewable energy sources was used in the first method. The data source was the district Prefecture in Włocławek. But the opinion polls were conducted in December and January of 2012 and 2013 among the Włocławek district citizens. The respondent group consisted of 88 people, but the questionnaire comprised 17 closed questions and a small poll certificate. The conducted investigations showed that between 2004 and 2012 in the area of the Włocławek district arised a great number of installations drawing energy from the renewable sources. Most of them are the wind power stations and the remainder includes water power stations, heat pumps and the biogas plant. The public opinion poll convinces that most inhabitants positively refer to the pro-ecological sources of energy in the district. Pollution decreasing, increased energy security and the local development were recognized by the residents as the main advantages resulting from, the renewable energy sources expansion. It can be stated, therefore, that the general attitude is positive. However, a part of residents expressed their fears, whether in reality the green energy development will influence the decreasing of energy prices and creation of new work places.

5

Zasoby wiatru jako podstawowy czynnik wpływający na rozwój energetyki wiatrowej na przykładzie województwa pomorskiego

70%

Wielewska I., Majcherek M., Golisz E.

Zagadnienia Doradztwa Rolniczego

|

2014

|

issue 2(76)

40-53

EN

People have been using the power of wind for a long time for example for sailing ships, pumping water or milling grain. Nowadays wind is being used more often to produce electricity. For this purpose windmills are placed (i.e. wind turbines) usually in the form of so–called wind farms. The aim of this study is to present the wind resource as a factor affecting the development of wind energy in Pomeranian province. Taking into account the area of Poland, Pomeranian province is located in the zone of very favorable conditions for the development of wind energy. Location by the Baltic Sea shore and the relevant wind parameters conducive to the emergence of wind farms. The best conditions possible for technical use are located in areas of districts: Slupsk, Wejherowo and Carthusian, because there are areas of agricultural land with an area of 50–130 thousand ha. The existing so far wind farms in the Pomeranian province have the power of 411.86 MW.

6

Polityka UE wobec zmian klimatycznych

61%

Wolska Z.

Studia Europejskie-Studies in European Affairs

|

2010

|

issue 3

59-84

EN

Climate Change is a global issue, which is to be solved by the present generation. The leader of the fight against climate change is EU, which has declared ambitious CO2 reduction targets, promotes renewable energy sources, realizes mechanisms such as cap-and-trade, Carbon Capture and Storage and the world largest emission trade system - EU ETS. This makes EU the most important player on the world stage of the fight against climate changes. Nevertheless, EU has to solve its own internal disagreement over what actions should be taken within the climate policy. This study describes the emerging of EU climate policy in successive Treaties and in the most important documents, as well as the role of the common institutions together with the European Environment Agency, in the process of creating this policy. Climate policy is supported by financial instruments, such as VII Frame Program or structural funds and numerous mechanisms, i.e. the EMAS or The European PRTR. The study discusses crucial assumptions and targets of the most important documents, including the European Climate Change Program, The European Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control directive or so called 3x20 targets and Climate Action initiatives. EU encourages developing countries to take part in international efforts to work out a document, which would constitute the basis for cooperation in the field of climate change. Working out the agreement, which would prolong and bring new commitments within the UN Frame Climate Change Convention and the Kyoto Protocol, is crucial. This study examines results of the meetings of the parties to the Convention and the Protocol.

Refine search results

2 Zagadnienia Doradztwa Rolniczego

1 Optimum. Studia Ekonomiczne

1 Studia Europejskie-Studies in European Affairs

1 Wieś i Rolnictwo

1 Zarządzanie i Finanse

2 2014

1 2012

1 2010

1 2009

1 2005

1 Golisz E.

1 Gradziuk P.

1 Majcherek M.

1 Manteuffel S. H.

1 Orynycz A. O.

1 Szatkowski Ł.

1 Wielewska I.