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BUSINESS INNOVATION AS A KEY ELEMENT OF COMPETITIVENESS OF POLISH ECONOMY (Innowacyjnosc przedsiebiorstw jako kluczowy element konkurencyjnosci polskiej gospodarki)

100%
Tomaka A., Cyran K.
Finansowy Kwartalnik Internetowy e-Finanse
|
2010
|
vol. 6
|
issue 3
26-46
EN
The purpose of this article is to assess the competitiveness of the Polish economy through the prism of two elements: innovation of the enterprise and innovation policy. In the scope of economy, innovation is considered as one of the key factors of competitiveness and the condition to achieve socio-economic development. Unfortunately, when assessing the state of innovativeness of the Polish economy, the question arises whether the actual innovation policy in Poland is carried out properly. An important element of this essay is to attempt to answer that question and assess the level of innovativeness of Polish regions.
2

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY SYSTEM OF THE CZECH REPUBLIC: ANALYSIS OF TRANSFORMATION ASPECTS (Nauchno-tekhnologuicheskaya sistema Chekhii: analiz transformatsionnykh aspektov)

80%
Kavunenko L. F., Goncharova T. V.
Nauka ta naukoznavstvo (Science and Science of Science)
|
2010
|
issue 1
111-125
EN
The article presents results of the study devoted to evolution of science and technology system in Czech Republic (CR) during the transformation period (from the victory of the velvet revolution in 1989 till 2004, when CR joined the EU). Peculiarities of transformations in CR at various transformation stages are shown on the basis of official statistics, expert opinion and survey data, and by methodology elaborated in the international project 'Restructuring and Reintegration of Science & Technology Systems in Economies in Transition'. Science & technology and innovation position of CR against other post-socialist countries of Central Europe and South European countries is shown by use of indicators included in the European Innovation Scoreboard. The conclusion is that CR which immediately took a 'rigid' course toward the reconstruction of national science & technology system (NSTS) by the criteria of Western European model, had a good chance to achieve the goal on the eve of joining the EU, as CR could quite successfully transform some of the key parameters of NSTS, especially those related with the research segment (although technological losses were also notable). The weakest side of science & technology transformation in CR in 90s proved to be setting up the horizontal links within the national innovation system. However, official statistics of CR (2000-2004) shows a positive dynamics of R&D parameters in the private sector, which is an indicator of rehabilitating trends in the innovation segment of this country on the eve of its joining the EU.
3
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INNOVATIVENESS OF THE MEMBER STATES OF THE EUROPEAN UNION (Innowacyjnosc panstw czlonkowskich Unii Europejskiej)

80%
Pelka W.
Przegląd Zachodni
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2010
|
issue 1(334)
67-84
EN
The aim of the article is to identify the current trends in the process of convergence of the member states of the EU within the sphere of innovativeness and to trace the directions of European policy supporting innovative development towards securing stable economic growth. The above formulated aim is achieved by presenting arguments for the significance of technical progress and innovation to economic growth from the perspective of the major trends in economic thought. On the basis of such data as the level of innovativeness of European economy, and the size and structure of expenditures on research and development it is possible to verify the thesis that the ensuring of a stable economic growth and obtaining competition advantage by the member states of the EU depends on an increase in expenditure on research and development as well as on the development of systems of education
4

The prospects of an innovation-based regional development in Hungary

80%
Horvath K.
Ter es Tarsadalom (Space and Society)
|
2004
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vol. 18
|
issue 4
29-49
EN
The European Union aims to become the leading knowledge-based region of the world by 2010. Innovation as a major source of competitiveness and economic growth has been brought to the center of regional development policies. After joining the European Union this constitutes a serious challenge for Hungary since the country's competitiveness depends not only on the effectiveness and development level of its innovation system but also on the extent to which the country is capable of a successful integration to the European Research Area. After surveying the international (i.e., the US and the EU) experience and the relevant literature this paper provides an analysis on the prospect of an innovation-based regional development strategy for Hungary particularly on the role universities might play in that. The main focus is on the institutional and regulatory frameworks of innovation with a special attention to the characteristics of university R&D financing.
5

Otsenka vliyaniya nauchno-tehnicheskoy i innovatsionnoy deyatelnosti na razvitie ekonomiki: empiricheskie modeli i rezultatyi

80%
Gryga V. Y.
Mekhanizm Rehuluvannya Economiky
|
2015
|
vol. 3 (69)
34-46
EN
This paper highlights the main economic models used to assess the impact of science, technology and innovation on economic development, as well as the main empirical results of the econometric models. They proved that among important factors in promoting economic growth are the capacity for inventions and the competition. The relationship between science, technology and innovation and some economic indicators, in particular – the volume of foreign direct investment and the level of the cash deficit are analysed on the base of cross-sectional data. The findings contradict stereotypes about the need to reduce spending on research and development in crises as well as shed light on the impact of FDI on R&D development of the country.
6

Technological and institutional changes on the labour market and in corporate organization. A comparison of Western and East-Central Europe

80%
Kapas J., Czegledi P.
Kozgazdasagi Szemle (Economic Review)
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2008
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vol. 55
|
issue 4
308-332
EN
A framework for understanding the interconnections of technological and institutional changes is offered by a theory that rests on the technological-economic paradigm. For harmony between the new technology and the institutions develops only through a slow process of institutional transformation. The technological change of paradigm in the American system of institutions has brought far better adaptation to the info-communication revolution than Europe's has. The study presents in two fields - the labour market and corporate organization - how the leading post-socialist and West-European countries alike have faced the problem of providing an institutional system suited to the consequences of the info-communications revolution.
7

GLOBAL INFORMATION SOCIETY AND THE RUSSIAN MODEL OF SCIENCE (Globalnoe informatsionnoe obschestvo i rossiiskaya model nauki)

80%
Semenov Y. V.
Nauka ta naukoznavstvo (Science and Science of Science)
|
2009
|
issue 3
10-17
EN
The performance of Russia in the information society related field is considered through analyzing the position of Russia in information & communication technologies (ICT), computing devices exports, and the main trend in the national science. While the activity in the ICT field has been expanding since the beginning of 2000s, the main trend of the Russian science can be described as archaic and progressively degrading. The archaic nature of the Russian science refers to its institutional dimension (organization and financing); it scientific socium (scientific entities, their social relations, the pattern of social organization); the content of science (cognitive and disciplinary structure). Reforms of the Russian science undertaken twice (in times of B.Yeltsin and V.Putin) have failed, resulting in the mass-scale reduction of the Russian science in parallel with preservation of its old organization model. The massive reduction of the Russian science failed to change its institutional pattern, and the science remained to be alien to the competitive environment, innovation and the global information society requirements. The quality of the Russian competitive environment has also been bad due to bureaucratic abuse, monopolies, corruption, prevalence of mineral exports etc. Scientific foundations created in early 90s attempted to change 'feudal' relations within the science, but their legal competencies were too limited. Therefore, modernization of the national science system is still a vitally important objective for Russia.
8

TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER FROM UNIVERSITIES AND THE STRUCTURE OF INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH NETWORKS (Egyetemi tudastranszfer es a nemzetkozi kutatasi halozatok szerkezete)

80%
Varga A., Parag A.
Kozgazdasagi Szemle (Economic Review)
|
2009
|
vol. 56
|
issue 4
343-358
EN
The geography of knowledge transfers from universities to industrial innovation has been widely researched and published. One crucial finding is that the effectiveness of university/industry knowledge-related linkages is determined largely by several external factors, such as agglomeration, entrepreneurship and local business culture. However, the interest of researchers has turned to the issue of the relations between embeddedness in research networks and knowledge transfers from universities. The relations between networking and patenting is interesting first in relation to the fact that research productivity is strongly linked to scientific networking and secondly because university patenting and quality research results do not necessary contradict to each other. This paper analyses the impact of the international publication network structure (concentration, size and degree of integration) on university patenting within the knowledge production function tradition, using recent data from several research units of the University of Pécs, Hungary.
9

PROBLEMS OF UKRAINIAN SCIENTIFIC SYSTEM EFFECTIVENESS PROVISION (Problemy zabezpechennya efektyvnosti naukovoyi systemy Ukrainy)

70%
Fedulova L. I.
Visnyk Natsionalnoyi akademiyi nauk Ukrainy (Herald of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine)
|
2010
|
issue 4
21-30
EN
In this article the state of the scientific system of Ukraine is analyzed as per the particular effectiveness indicators. The factors that affect the degree of research results implementation in the business system practice are defined and substantiated. The set of actions aimed at strengthening the state's role in provision of the science development is proposed.
10

VÝNOSY A ZNALOSTNÍ ZDROJE V NEJMODERNEJŠÍCH PODNICÍCH V POLSKU

70%
Zwolak J.
Ekonomický časopis (Journal of Economics)
|
2009
|
vol. 57
|
issue 4
359-366
EN
The relationship between sales revenues per full time employee, research and development (R&D) expenditure and employment in Poland's most advanced enterprises was examined for 2007 using econometric modelling. The level of innovation intensity varied from 1% to 10%. The research demonstrated that knowledge resources and sales revenues are positively correlated and that the former is having an ever greater impact on the latter. Ceteris paribus, a positive correlation between R&D expenditure on the one hand and sales revenues on the other was observed even in enterprises with an innovation intensity of 1%. In enterprises with an innovation intensity of 1 – 10%, R&D expenditure contributed to a more efficient allocation and utilisation of labour resources. This was a significant factor in developing enterprises and enhancing their competitiveness.
11

EVALUATION OF THE COMPETITIVE POTENTIAL IN HIGH TECH ECONOMY

70%
Soloviyov V.
Nauka ta naukoznavstvo (Science and Science of Science)
|
2008
|
issue 1
11-17
EN
Protectionism with respect to innovation entities and legal enforcement of innovation stimuli is an imperative for economic growth. However, innovations as a market factor have not strictly interpreted, meaning that mechanisms of their effects are not clear. The role of innovations for product markets is well defined in the American antitrust rules, especially their role in merger of companies and firms. However, their practical use of these rules is problematic, as implications of mergers caused by innovations can hardly be predicted. The main (doctrinal) problem faced by antitrust rules is accounting for innovations, as innovations are hardly identifiable and predictable, and not always appear as a direct response to a large investment in R&D. The most efficient approach seems to lie in evaluation of innovation effects on mergers of high tech companies. But this evaluation will be problematic due to uncertain relation between R&D and market promotion of new products and other marketing related factors with respect of a new product. Also, because innovations are a form of non-price competition, they cannot be taken as a conventional category for analysis. Furthermore, it's not always clear what kind of market conditions is favorable for innovations promotion. However, it's supposed that most of the above problems can be resolved in the framework of the existing antitrust rules, by inclusion of new groups of indicators that evaluate position of innovations in the market environment, effects of R&D markets, effects of traditional markets, effects of building up new markets, 'overlapping' effects of actors of various markets.
12

Analysis of Research and Development Sector in Podlaskie. Province and Its Potential of Development

70%
Skibicka-Sokołowska E.
Optimum. Studia Ekonomiczne
|
2013
|
issue 5(65)
126-146
EN
The Research and Development sector is created by the institutions involved in activities of increasing the knowledge and exploring new applications. Products created in the sector are innovations which are a factor of rapid economic development. The problem of R&D sector is still a low level of funding, especially in the private sector. The number of patents and commercialization of solutions is small compared to other European countries. Enterprises do not use opportunities to cooperate with universities and other research institutions, and opportunities for the development of R&D sector, taking into account the potential of the existing academic and research institutes, are still huge. This is why the aim of this study is the analyze of the R&D sector structure and a short description of research and development activities in the Podlaskie Province. The level and method of financing the R&D sector in Poland is characterized by a relatively low share of expenditure on R&D activities, the domination of the public sector financed and a low spending on applied research and development work. Poland is among the group of countries with the highest share of basic research in the overall structure of research.
13

RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT SPENDING AND EXPORT PERFORMANCE BY THE TECHNOLOGICAL INTENSITY OF THE PRODUCTS

61%
Bojnec Š., Fertӧ I.
Ekonomický časopis (Journal of Economics)
|
2014
|
vol. 62
|
issue 10
1065 – 1080
EN
This article examines the effects of research and development (R&D) spending on merchandise export by low, medium-low, medium-high, and high technological intensity of the products between OECD countries by panel data econometric approaches using a gravity model. R&D spending is positively associated with merchandise exports, particularly for high technological intensity products in exporting countries. R&D spending can contribute to offsets the effect of distance on merchandise export, except for low technological intensity products. R&D spending fostered catching-up in merchandise export from developing to developed OECD countries in each technological intensity of the products, particularly for high and medium low technological intensity of the products and served in successful import penetration in medium-high and medium-low technological intensity of the products. R&D spending can play important role in strategies of export-oriented industrialization by a shift of merchandise exports towards higher technological intensity of the products and in successful import penetration.
14

CONVERGENCE AND GROWTH RATE (Konvergencia es novekedesi utem)

61%
Dedak I., Dombi A.
Kozgazdasagi Szemle (Economic Review)
|
2009
|
vol. 56
|
issue 1
19-45
EN
The study examines empirically the assumed process of convergence by the Central-East European (CEE) countries according to the expanded Solow model of human resources. The authors estimate the speed of convergence derived from capital accumulation for nine CEE countries in 1997-2006, based on several samples and model variations. Economic convergence of the post-socialist countries begins with a far from stationary level of income, which raises several problems with the methodology employed traditionally in mainstream literature. So the first half of the study examines also from a theoretical angle the subject of the speed of convergence, with special attention to actual growth rates.
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