This review paper presents a comprehensive summary of the various approaches towards the study of the rural in rural sociology. It starts with sociological classics Tönnies, Durkheim and Weber and proceeds through establishment of rural sociology as a separate discipline in the USA in early 20th century and its post-war development in Europe to the present paradigmatic multitude. The review highlights the key contradictions between structural and cultural approaches on the one hand, and between basic and applied rural sociology on the other. In the final part, a brief review of the present Czech and Slovak rural sociology is presented.
Two groups of Czech and Slovak linguists collected extensive linguistic material comprising video recordings of parliamentary sessions broadcasted on television, audio recordings of radio debates, video recordings of television interviews and discussion programs, and political advertising material from television and radio. This material was stored in archives (corpora), with the relevant parts of it transcribed, entered into special databases, analysed and evaluated. The book under review is theoretically and methodically well-founded in its evaluative analyses of three typical examples of Czech mass-media political debates and two contributions characterizing political communication in the Slovak media. These content analyses are supplemented by an introductory chapter on polemical features in political discourses. The reviewer, after having critically examined and commented on the individual chapters of the book (adding several personal observations on the issue), concludes that the work is a significant and praiseworthy achievement, successfully highlighting the present state of Czech and Slovak text linguistics, esp. dialogue studies, through both subject relevance and high scientific standard.
Eight factors in the diversity of participation in role-playing games are named in the paper: age, gender, gaming experience, playing frequency, selected systems, division of roles in the game, extra-session engagement, interest in other kinds of leisure. The article demonstrates how these issues were included or omitted in reports on empirical psychological research that was conducted in Poland in the years 2001-2008. The results of the review imply that most of these factors did not receive adequate consideration in works from that period, which shows certain weaknesses in this area of Polish RPG research.
This paper is a review and recommendation of 'The Concise Dictionary of Language Cultivation', edited by Laszlo Gretsy and Gabor Kemeny, published by Tinta Konyvkiado, Budapest, 2005. The author formulates his general views on mother tongue, language cultivation, and dictionaries of language cultivation. He mentions entries of the present dictionary that he finds impeccable, but also ones that he thinks are to be extended, formulated more clearly, corrected, or modified in their content. Also, he brings up certain phenomena that the dictionary fails to discuss.
The aim of this paper is to specify the characteristics of the retranslator as opposed to those of the translator. The term retranslation is used in the sense of a “new translation of a text in one or more than one languages”. The phenomenon of retranslation accompanies translation from its first steps; consequently translators and retranslators share the same long history. The patron saint of translators St Jeronimo, the first of retranslators himself with his work on the Bible, defined retranslator’s characteristics. A retranslator who takes over the translation of an already translated text will definitely question, criticize or praise the work of translators that preceded his/her own, asserting a place in the translators’ family. Selectively talkative he/she frequently furnishes his/her work with a peritext that allows us to get a glimpse of this peculiar writer with his/her complicated personality, who is the translator.
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