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ARS
|
2013
|
vol. 46
|
issue 2
134 – 147
EN
The attempts to revive and emulate the early-Christian art undertaken after the Council of Trent, was primarily a kind of monument conservation programme. Such efforts had illustrated the return of the church to its sacred apostolic tradition, with a limited scope to places where the monuments dating back to the first centuries in the history of the Church had been preserved, that is chiefly to Rome and Milan. Therefor the paper is aimed at rare attempts to adopt this trend in Central Europe, e.g. Graz or Lowicz.
EN
Even though cartography has tried to show the third dimension of a territory since the 18th century, the segmentation or even the appearance is very difficult to depict in detail. It is remarkable how different every new edition and a graphic approach to a map is as regards the view of the landscape; yet it can never convey every detail, not even an aerial photograph. One of the reasons why studying old maps is so popular is the search for the originál appearance and arrangement of the old, undisturbed, free, harmonious, but distinctly arranged landscape of the past, an idea of something like Arcadia, whose shine is apparent from scarce extant segments of the landscape.
EN
Contemporary Polish stained glass art is a field still little known and underestimated. A breakthrough in research was made by Jerzy Frycz, who in 1974 published a pioneering paper which, against the background of stained glass revival in Europe, presented the history of stained glass art in the Polish territories in the 19th and 20th centuries, and outlined the activity of several workshops. In subsequent years, inventory work was undertaken, first including stained glass windows in secular buildings in Lodz and Krakow. The full inventory of stained glass from the period in question has not been completed until today, which limits general analyses. This is all the more painful that the resources of stained glass decrease year after year. Research is being conducted in several centres, the most important of which is Krakow. The studies are undertaken by both academic institutions and individual researchers. Since 1999, the Association for Stained Glass Art 'Ars Vitrea Polona' has been contributing to the development of research on Polish stained glass art, mainly by organizing periodic conferences. What still remains insufficiently clarified are the issues concerning the revival of stained glass art in Poland and the role of stained glass in sacred and secular interiors. Few works of art have their extensive studies. The biographical entries and other works on artists who are known to have designed stained glass windows usually contain only brief or no information about this area of their activity. No stained glass factory has a full monograph, although much is already known about their achievements. There is also no Polish dictionary of terminology. This poor state of research does not fully reflect the resources and the artistic level of modern Polish stained glass, and the results are not taken full advantage of in studies dealing with issues of art and crafts of this period.
ARS
|
2013
|
vol. 46
|
issue 1
51 -74
EN
The study is aimed at demonstration that palaces of ancient Roman emperors might have been the main source of Josip Plecnik’s imagination when remodelling Prague Castle (from 1920) for T. G. Masaryk, the first president of the Czechoslovak Republic. Plecnik revived (or tried to revive) many of its features – porticoed façade, basilican hall, cryptoportico, vestibule in the form of a rotunda, and park shaped like a hippodrome. He did not hesitate to modify traditional forms in order to revive them, but he always respected tradition. His innovations were bold, but they never countered the spirit of ancient Greek and Roman architectural tradition.
EN
This essay pursues the onset of modern national identities of the Azerbaijanis and Armenians, which goes back to the last quarter of the 19th century; it was affected by the Azerbaijanian and Armenian elites' approach to their (historical) heritage of the Turkish, Persian and Russian empires and how they defined their attitudes towards them on the identity level. In a historical context that co-created the mentioned process, it analyses advancement of perceptions towards Russia and the Russians, Turkey and the Turks, Persia and the Persians in the milieu of the Azerbaijanis and Armenians, which subsequently affected formation of the modern nationalist perception of these two nations. The article thus concentrates on a period from the second half of the 19th century until 1920/1921, when a two-year long intermezzo of the Armenian and Azerbaijanian democracy ended and turned into a seventy-year long constituent of the Soviet Union.
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