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EN
The Arab revolt of Sharif Éusayn of Mecca in the years 1916 - 1918 is considered in the historical literature, both scholarly and popular, as the only revolutionary movement of the Arabs against the Ottoman Empire during World War I that reached the stage of realization and success during this period. By no means was it the only revolt of the Arabs against the Turks during the World War, but its success has over-shadowed the other plans and attempts at revolt and has caused them to be erased from historical memory. However, five secret agreements, made during the course of the First World War, foretold the break-up of the Ottoman Empire. The nations involved in this prospective carving up of the Ottoman realm were Britain, France, Russia and Italy. Of these four signatories of the various treaties in question, Russia voluntarily relinquished her claims against Turkey shortly before the advent of the Bolshevik revolution and Italy was forced to play a minor role in the post-war apportionment of territory by the pressure of events and great-Power politics.
EN
Viliam Široký and Július Ďuriš, who lived in a nationally mixed environment, were convinced communists from their youth. The fact that they came from socially weak backgrounds also influenced their ideological orientation. Široký engaged in the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia from its origin and quickly gained a place among the most important communist functionaries in Slovakia. As a result of his studies, Ďuriš only began his career as a professional revolutionary at the end of his twenties, but in this period he already showed his radicalism. From the beginning of their revolutionary activities, Široký and Ďuriš came into conflict with the state authorities and were forced to live in illegality for some time. During the internal party crisis around the turn of the years 1928-1929, they joined the group around Klement Gottwald and supported the so-called Bolshevization of the CPC. Široký later worked in the apparatus of the Communist Internationale. In 1935 he became a member of parliament. In the mid-1930s, Ďuriš became organizational secretary of the Regional Leadership of the CPC in Slovakia.
EN
Viliam Široký and Július Ďuriš, who lived in a nationally mixed environment, were convinced communists from their youth. The fact that they came from socially weak backgrounds also influenced their ideological orientation. Široký engaged in the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia from its origin and quickly gained a place among the most important communist functionaries in Slovakia. As a result of his studies, Ďuriš only began his career as a professional revolutionary at the end of his twenties, but in this period he already showed his radicalism. From the beginning of their revolutionary activities, Široký and Ďuriš came into conflict with the state authorities and were forced to live in illegality for some time. During the internal party crisis around the turn of the years 1928-1929, they joined the group around Klement Gottwald and supported the so-called Bolshevization of the CPC. Široký later worked in the apparatus of the Communist Internationale. In 1935 he became a member of parliament. In the mid-1930s, Ďuriš became organizational secretary of the Regional Leadership of the CPC in Slovakia.
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