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ARCHITECTURAL DEVELOPMENT OF ORTHODOX CHURCHES DESIGNED BY JANIS FRIDRIHS BAUMANIS FOR URBAN AREAS (Jana Fridriha Baumana pilsetam projekteto pareizticigo baznicu arhitektoniska veidola attistiba)

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Bistere A.

Materiali Latvijas makslas vesturei

2007

vol. 6

137-150

Janis Fridrihs Baumanis (1834-1891) was the first professional Latvian architect with academic training and one of the most renowned masters in the history of Latvian architecture. His professional activities are most related to Riga and its boulevards after the removal of Riga fortifications in 1857-1863, but Baumanis was a noted public and cultural figure as well; from 1870 to 1880 he combined private practice with the architect's position at Vidzeme (Livonia) Province Board. This period features his designs of Orthodox churches in Vidzeme and southern part of Estonia that was part of Vidzeme Province at that time. 17 Orthodox churches built by Baumanis in Vidzeme Province during the 1870s are based on a certain pattern as a source of variations. Valmiera St. Sergius Radonezhsky Orthodox Church (1878) is an example of bringing these architectonic principles into town environment. Baumanis' church projects feature a cross-shaped planning. Rubble and red brick are used as building materials. A belfry stands over the building entrance; a huge dome is placed at the centre of the church with four smaller cupolas on the corners of the building. Windows have semicircular endings but entrance doors are rectangular. Bauska Orthodox Church (1881) follows the principles commenced in Valmiera, both chronologically and architectonically. Its planning is very close to that of Valmiera. Bauska church exterior consists of more delicate forms, rubble is replaced by white plastered bands altering with parts made of red brick

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1 Materiali Latvijas makslas vesturei

1 Bistere A.

1 2007

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ARCHITECTURAL DEVELOPMENT OF ORTHODOX CHURCHES DESIGNED BY JANIS FRIDRIHS BAUMANIS FOR URBAN AREAS (Jana Fridriha Baumana pilsetam projekteto pareizticigo baznicu arhitektoniska veidola attistiba)