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EN
Legal regulation of the position of minorities has had a long and complex tradition in the Czech lands. In 1938, so-called minority status was under preparation; it represented a systematic legal regulation of the position of ethnic and language minorities. After World War II, the rights of minorities were generally refused and no regulation in this respect existed. The political relief of 1968 brought in a new situation. A special commission was established to work on the federalization of the state and on the regulation of the rights of minorities. Both constitutional acts were passed on 27th October 1968, symbolically meeting the 50th anniversary of the Republic.
EN
The aim of this essay is to examine the social action of women composers, often obliged to migrate, for long or short periods, in search of greater freedom and affirmation of their musical talent. The history of yesterday and today features numerous women musicians, composers and performers, active in the production of music, in social and political life, who often had and have to travel and migrate to assert themselves. Going on tour has always been part of the life of the artist – but for women it was not easy to travel freely and at will, on their own besides. Until the nineteenth century, such a thing was almost always strictly forbidden. Sometimes women composers and performers left the countries in which they resided for personal reasons, driven not only by the “compulsion” to change country because in their own it was impossible to choose the pathway they wished to follow.
EN
The article is devoted to the legal issues of the exercise of the intellectual property rights. The author distinguishes two possible cases of the exercise of these rights in accordance with the recent Czech law. One of them is granting consent to use some protected values. This situation is a circumstance precluding unlawfulness. The second case involves a licensing agreement conferring obligation between the parties. The author presents the legal grounds for the fact that in many cases, which are known from the contemporary knowledge and information society, it is only the consent which has the legal reason.
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