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1

Czynniki kryminogenne osadzonych kobiet wyzwaniem dla resocjalizacji penitencjarnej

100%
Chojecka J.
Resocjalizacja Polska
|
2013
|
issue 4/2013
179-192
PL
Głoszony zarówno przez teoretyków, jak i praktyków resocjalizacji kryzys instytucjonalnych oddziaływań naprawczych znalazł odpowiedź w ruchu What Works Movement, który od lat skupia naukowców z całego świata poszukujących odpowiedzi na pytanie „co działa i wobec kogo działa”. Dzięki Modelowi Risk-Need-Responsivity, który wypracowany został w krajach anglojęzycznych mamy możliwość rzetelnego i stosunkowo dokładnego określenia czynników kryminogennych występujących u sprawców przestępstw, ich możliwości poznawczych, na których opieramy oddziaływania korekcyjne oraz oszacować możemy ryzyko powrotu do przestępstwa. W niniejszym artykule uwaga skupiona została na wynikach badań własnych przeprowadzonych w trzech zakładach karnych dla kobiet na terenie Polski, których celem było między innymi określenie potrzeb kryminogennych respondentek. Analiza danych pozwoliła stworzyć sylwetki osadzonych zaklasyfikowanych do czterech kategorii szacowanego ryzyka recydywy na podstawie wyników uzyskanych w badaniu narzędziem LSI-R.
EN
The crisis of institutional rehabilitation was faced by What works Movement, which for years has been focused on finding the answer to the question „what works and for whom work.” Thanks to Risk-Need-Responsivity Model we have the possibility to define the criminogenic needs of offenders, their cognitive abilities and we can assess the risk of re-offending. In this article, attention has been focused on the results of the research conducted in three prisons for female offenders in Poland. The aim of the research was to assess criminogenic needs of the respondents. Data analysis allowed to create profiles of inmates classified to four categories of estimated risk of recidivism on the basis of the results obtained in the study of LSI-R tool.
2

Model dla wszystkich? Spory wokół koncepcji szacowania ryzyka recydywy

80%
Chojecka J.
Resocjalizacja Polska
|
2014
|
issue 7/2014
85-100
PL
Wypracowany w Kanadzie Model Risk-Need-Responsivity spotyka się z szeregiem zarzutów i wątpliwości płynących od teoretyków i praktyków resocjalizacji. Niniejszy tekst jest próbą przybliżenia dyskusji trwającej na świecie, której osią są pytania, czy można szacować ryzyko powrotu do przestępstwa, a jeśli tak, to jakie kryteria należy przyjąć, a także jak powinny być konstruowane oddziaływania korekcyjne, by były one skuteczne i efektywne.
EN
The Risk-Need-Responsivity Model developed in Canada has met with a number of objections and concerns from rehabilitation theorists and practitioners. This text is an attempt to approximate the ongoing discussion in the world, which hinges on the question of whether one can estimate the risk of re-offending, and if so, what criteria should be used and how they should be corrective intervention treatments be constructed so that they are efficient and effective.
3

A model for all? Disputes over the concept of recidivism risk assessment

80%
Chojecka J.
Resocjalizacja Polska
|
2014
|
issue 7/2014
239-254
EN
The Risk-Need-Responsivity Model developed in Canada has met with a number of objections and concerns from rehabilitation theorists and practitioners. This text is an attempt to approximate the ongoing discussion in the world, which hinges on the question of whether one can estimate the risk of re-offending, and if so, what criteria should be used and how they should be corrective intervention treatments be constructed so that they are efficient and effective.
PL
Wypracowany w Kanadzie Model Risk-Need-Responsivity spotyka się z szeregiem zarzutów i wątpliwości płynących od teoretyków i praktyków resocjalizacji. Niniejszy tekst jest próbą przybliżenia dyskusji trwającej na świecie, której osią są pytania, czy można szacować ryzyko powrotu do przestępstwa, a jeśli tak, to jakie kryteria należy przyjąć, a także jak powinny być konstruowane oddziaływania korekcyjne, by były one skuteczne i efektywne.
4
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W poszukiwaniu skutecznych metod resocjalizacji sprawców pozbawionych wolności na przykładzie Stanów Zjednoczonych Ameryki

71%
Szwejkowska M.
Archiwum Kryminologii
|
2018
|
issue XL
431-458
EN
In its introduction, the article characterises - in a most comprehensible way - themain objectives of criminal sanctions and their role in preventing crime, according tothe most commonly expressed opinions on the subject from American scholars. It isfollowed by a brief history of assessing the risk of committing an offence in the UnitedStates in recent decades. The risk assessment process was developed before World WarII as a tool to predict possible recidivism in the case of inmates released on parole, butit has been in more common use since 1980s. While the “What works?” movementinitially emerged in the United States, one needs to remember the publication of Robert Martinso’s report that created the “Nothing works” (concerning prison rehabilitation)doctrine. It aided the justification of severe changes in punitive prison policies inthe 1970s that continued well into the 1990s, with the slogans “tough on crime, toughon the causes of crime” being more prominent. It took more than a decade to reestablishsome hope in prison rehabilitation programmes and allow the paradigm shiftsto happen – from the retribution “being tough on offenders” policy to more creativeapproaches towards offenders. By constructive approaches to working with offenders,one means the use of effective methods and techniques to alter criminal behaviourof inmates to prevent their possible relapse into crime (crime prevention).The main goal of the article is to present the most fundamental system in the UScriminal justice system that is most commonly applied nowadays: the Risk-Need-Responsivity (RNR) model and its principles to offender assessment. The aforementionedprinciples were laid down by Canadian scholars, Donald Arthur Andrews andJames Bonta. In that model, “risk” means the identification of specific factors thatare associated with recidivism (in general, depending on a specific crime, e.g. sexualoffenders or offenders who committed violent crimes). Andrews and Bonta argue thata number of factors need to be considered in any comprehensive theory of criminalbehaviour, including biological or neurological issues, inheritance, temperamentand social and cultural factors, while also noting that criminal behaviour is a multifactorialissue. “Need” assesses criminogenic needs and targets them in prison treatmentprogrammes for elimination, while “responsivity” intends to maximise the offender’sability to learn how to combat possible recidivism through rehabilitative intervention,providing cognitive behavioural treatment – with the said intervention being tailoredto the learning style, motivation, abilities and strengths of the offender.Risk assessment is applied during different stages of the criminal procedure: beforesentencing and during the period of time when the criminal sanction is executed, i.e.while serving a custodial sentence. It must be noted that, in the US justice system, judgesare not the only people obliged to assess the potential risk of an offender relapsinginto crime in the future. Prison officers are also tasked with such assessment. Throughthe application of the RNR model, it is possible for the prison staff to divide inmatesinto specific groups, depending on security levels and adequate treatment programmes.In that case, the assessment tools based on the RNR model not only allow a predictionof a possible relapse into crime, but also a proper allocation of convicts to rehabilitationprogrammes provided within prisons. A convict undergoes an evaluation before andafter the treatment. Such evaluations are imposed on most prisoners, so performingthem does have an impact on the financial and human resources of a given penitentiaryunit.The most important question, “What works in prison?” is answered by the majorityof scholars through propositions of providing cognitive and behavioural skill programmesto the convicts. They have clear criteria to ensure that objectives, methods andapplication of rehabilitation programmes correspond with the needs of criminaloffenders. The conclusion of the research is meant to prove that providing offenders with such treatment (based upon the RNR model) may have a positive effect on re -ducing the risk of relapse into crime in the future. However, the appropriate methodsof treatment are based not only on psychotherapy (or, sometimes, on pharmacologicaltreatment), but also on education, vocational training, personal development, strengtheningself-control mechanisms and improving interpersonal skills.
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