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Filozofia (Philosophy)
|
2017
|
vol. 72
|
issue 2
103 – 113
EN
After disproving Meletus, Socrates begins the next part of his defence in the court by explaining his activities. He explains to a hypothetical opponent what he considers to be really shameful (αἰσχρόν). To illustrate his speech, he uses the analogy of demi-gods who fell in the Trojan War. He focuses on the son of the goddess Thetis, i.e. Achilles, the most famous fighter in Homer’s Iliad. According to Socrates’ interpretation Achilles preferred to avenge the death of his friend Patroclus rather than undergo something shameful (αἰσχρόν) although he knew that he would die. Did Plato’s Socrates aim to arouse anger or outrage of his judges by being like Thetis’ son willing to die for a rightful cause? What was the real purpose of his comparison with Achilles? The aim of this paper is to examine the reason why Socrates drew a parallel between his own and Achilles’ pursuance.
EN
This paper focuses on the socio-psychological dimension of authority as a cultural-integrative category. The results are presented of research into students’ perceptions of desirable, positive characteristics of authority, providing an insight into what constitutes the qualities of certain types of authority. The dynamic interplay among social norms, beliefs and perceptions of real life influence the students’ view of what authority is, as a role model, in Serbia today, still suffering the consequences of the disintegration of social norms. Six hundred and fifty-five students participated in the research project by filling in a questionnaire on the characteristics of authority. The results of factor analysis point to three relatively independent types of authority: charismatic, traditional and bureaucratic. The results are discussed in the context of changing authority rank in a transitional society like Serbia today, and the capability of particular types of authority to influence young people’s attitudes and behaviour.
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