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AN IMAGE OF THE ROMA: THE OTHER IN BOOKS BY ANDRZEJ STASIUK

100%
Majewski P.
Sprawy Narodowościowe
|
2008
|
issue 32
151-163
EN
The essay attempts to reconstruct the picture of the Roma people as drawn in the work of Andrzej Stasiuk, a well-known and extremely influential contemporary Polish writer. His books are one of the major sources of information about, among other things, the Romani population of Central-East Europe. Starting from the theory of critical discourse analysis, the author of the essay shows that Stasiuk's imagination of the Gypsy world is based on dangerous and dominant stereotypes which could be compared to racist and apartheid ideologies.
2

A PROPOSAL FOR THE TRANSCRIPTION OF ROMANI (SULEJOW SPELLING) (Propozycja zapisu jezyka romani (pisownia sulejowska))

100%
Bartosz A.
Studia Romologica
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2008
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vol. 1
153-166
EN
(Title in Roma language: Jekh propozala vas-e rromane chibaqero lekhavipen (likhavipen e Sulejowaqero). The Romani language is being transcribed in various alphabets, including Polish. However, lack of knowledge of the language structure and especially its grammar results in attempts flawed with very arbitrary form, orthographic errors, polonised transcription and misinterpretation of phonetics. The educational authorities have founded a committee which proposed a variant of transcription based on Polish alphabet, simplified in comparison to the ones used in standardised transcription. Its working name is sulejowska transcription (pisownia sulejowska) - after the place where the committee's proceedings were held (Sulejowek, close to Warsaw).
3

AN ALPHABET SUITABLE FOR RROMANI, BUILT UP ON SCIENTIFIC GROUNDS - ABOUT THE SPELLING OF RROMANI (Alfabet odpowiedni dla jezyka cyganskiego, oparty na naukowych podstawach - o pisowni jezyka rromani)

100%
Courthiade M.
Studia Romologica
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2008
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vol. 1
105-152
EN
(Title in Roma language: Jekh alfabeta maladi e rromane chibaqe, thaj savi achol pe 3antrikane baze - pal-e rromane chibaqero chand lekhavipnasqero). A still strikingly relevant quotation by the Poznan philologist Kalina, dated 1880, opens the article and another one, by UNESCO vice-director general Colin, dated 1989, emphasizes the significance of Rromani as a language of culture. The two great principles defined in London (1971) are then introduced: 1. no dialectal preference & 2. the need of a common language. They gave birth to the refusal of selecting a concrete dialect as common language; all have to be collected within a polylectal common language. The article exemplifies such a mechanism on the basis of Polish material (mazurzenie) and how it de facto exists in Spanish. It tells also how separately arose the polylectal approach in Russia and Yugoslavia. One has to understand that brains integrate a kind of filter transforming hearing into understanding -a device very much needed when listening to people with defective pronunciation or foreign accent. The second important question was to define how many Rromani languages are at stake in Europe? Dialectological and dialectometrical data pointed out at the existence of only one Rromani language, heritage of some 90% of the Rroms, beside collateral forms which arose from the melting of Rromani with other local languages (paggerdilects and peripheral idioms). The third task was to elaborate a really linguistic classification of the Rromani varieties and the article describes shortly the dialectal structure of Rromani: two superdialects (O and E) and four dialects (O@, O#, E@ and O# - @=without mutation, #=with mutation) - beside paggerdilects and peripheral idioms. The fourth step was to elaborate a typology of differences between the various varieties and to highlight the relationship of these differences with the question of understanding. This leads us to the three stages of standardisation: 1. Codification (graphisation, literalisation), 2. Normalisation & 3. Stylisation-popularisation. The article, which treats only codification, brings out the Warsaw decision on a Common alphabet in 21 paragraphs, with detailed comments paragraph by paragraph. To be short, the Rrom from Poland has to learn no more than seven spelling rules in order to acquire the common Rromani writing system. The basis is: everyone is supposed to make a little effort and everything will be much easier for all. New technologies haven't been forgotten and the article explains how to use Rromani typefaces in IT. In this context, when every year more than 25,000 Rromani pupils are taught in this alphabet in Rumania and many others a the European level, the Rrom from Poland faces the following choice: a vision of his mother-tongue as a cultural with folkloric curio (then he can use the Polish alphabet for it) or a vision in which Rromani is a lively and vigorous source of creation, known all over Europe and beyond: then he has no other choice than to leave aside petty ambitions and learn the seven rules of the European, or Warsaw, spelling system.
4

LANGUAGE CONSEQUENCES OF MIGRATION OF ROMANI SPEAKERS FROM SLOVAKIA TO GREAT BRITAIN AND BACK: THE CHANGE OF PARADIGM OF TOWN NAMES IN TWO ROMANI DIALECTS

88%
Červenka J.
Slovenský národopis (Slovak Ethnology)
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2017
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vol. 65
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issue 4
383 – 403
EN
The article focuses on language changes in Romani spoken by Slovak emigrants to England and re-emigrants to Slovakia or by people residing alternately in both countries as the case may be. The changes are monitored separately in two Romani groups: the so called Slovak Roma (speakers of the Northern-Central dialect of Romani) and the Vlax Roma (speakers of the Slovak variety of the Lovari dialect). The author addresses the way the language is influenced both by the changes of the environment and lifestyle and the changes of the contact language. He mostly focuses on adult respondents whose contact language has really changed during their life. He concentrates on one striking and unexpected change: the change of the system according to which toponyms, specifically town names, are created in Romani. First the author submits the survey of the system in the pre-emigration situation that has not been systematically published for either of the examined dialects. Further on, he introduces the changes the described system has gone through in both the dialects due to the influence of migration to Western Europe and he cautiously attempts to suggest interpretation of the examined phenomenon.
5
Content available remote

Tradičná kulinárna kultúra etnických menšín na Slovensku

88%
Stolicna R.
Národopisná revue (Journal of Ethnology)
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2009
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vol. 19
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issue 3
158-167
EN
Food and ways of eating belong to the most significant identification codes of human communities. The culinary culture ranks among the structures of the so-called long durance and the eating models belong to the most stabile values of human communities. They are an integral part of the cultural equipment of every person; in their rudimentary form, they survive for long time and often under changed conditions. The ethnological researches substantiate the population of different ethnic minorities in Slovakia was able to safeguard their cultural identity until today. In addition to the main ethnic features, such as language and ethnic awareness, their traditional culture is one of the most distinctive identification symbols. This relates also to the range of traditional eating habits by which they demonstrate their distinctiveness and dissimilarity to the Slovak majority and other ethnic groups. The contribution presents the traditional culinary culture of three ethnic minorities living in Slovakia: the Hungarians, Romani and Ruthenians - Ukrainians who belong to the largest minorities and who show distinctive ethno-identification symbols in their traditional culinary culture even today.
6

“ROMA” LABELLING, IDENTITY POLITICS AND EU-INTEGRATION: THE CASE OF MONTENEGRO

88%
Zahova S.
Slovenský národopis (Slovak Ethnology)
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2018
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vol. 66
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issue 4
419 – 435
EN
The article makes an overview of the groups labelled as Gypsy/Roma and minority policies related to Roma in present day of Montenegro. It discusses how – in view of the processes in the region and in the course of the state’s EU-integration –the top-down approach of adopting definitions centred on the terms “Roma and Egyptians” and “Roma” have influenced the state politics of identity regarding supporting and promoting new identities, as well as reinforcing the label “Roma” and “Romani” for all communities considered of common (Gypsy/Roma) origin. Further on, the impact of EU-integration discourse on legislation and setting up Romani and Egyptian organizations is discussed within the public policies sector. Finally, I discuss initiatives and resources for publishing in Romani language in a country where a great part of the groups considered being of Romani origin speak another language as a mother tongue. My main argument is that the minority protection EU-conditionality and the special focus on the rights of the Roma, have led to an “import” of Roma issues for “solving”, along with copy-pasting of activities that supposedly aim to flag Romani identity and language even though neither Romani identity nor Romani language are characteristic for all communities labelled as “Roma”.
7

IMPACT OF LANGUAGE IDEOLOGIES ON THE LANGUAGE PRACTICES OF ROMA IN SLOVAKIA

75%
Rácová A.
Asian and African Studies
|
2018
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vol. 27
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issue 2
192 – 215
EN
This study aims to attempt to elucidate how a complex network of language ideologies affects the attitudes of the language community of the Roma in Slovakia towards Romani and how certain language ideologies lead to particular language practices depending on how they represent the interests of an individual (or a group). As language ideologies related to the Roma’s attitudes to Romani and their communication practices represent a complex system of interrelated ideologies, two language ideologies shall be defined as fundamental for the purposes of this study: the ideology of a minority language and the ideology of the language of a national minority. These two ideologies shall be understood as opposing each other. The ideology of a minority language carries negative connotations. It is characterized mainly by the view of Romani as an inferior language, which is shared by the majority population and consequently also by some members of the minority group. This ideology is related to accepting the absolute dominance of the official state language, the ideology of the harmfulness of bilingualism, and the ideology of language assimilation. The ideology of the language of a national minority, on the other hand, has some positive connotations. It includes the ideology of a fully-fledged language, the ideology of the equality of all languages, the ideology of standard language, or the ideology of children’s right to education in their mother tongue. Both fundamental language ideologies are framed by the ideology of official language and the ideology of bilingualism, which acquire different manifestations in these systems.
8
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Pamięć, trauma i tożsamość „narodu z popiołów” i innych narodów. Implikacje badania Romów dla teorii socjologicznej (recenzja z: Sławomir Kapralski. Naród z popiołów. Pamięć zagłady i tożsamość Romów

75%
Kucia M.
Studia Socjologiczne
|
2013
|
issue 2(209)
175-188
EN
This essay reviews the exceptional and outstanding, interdisciplinary book by Sławomir Kapralski, Naród z popiołów: Pamięć zagłady a tożsamość Romów [Nation out of the Ashes: The Memory of Destruction and the Identity of the Romani] against the background of literature in memory studies. It outlines the structure and composition of the book and focuses on the author’s most important propositions in sociological theory. The following propositions are presented and critically reviewed: creative reconstruction and synthesis of identity theories, redefinition of the notion of social memory, general conception and general theory of memory, middle range theory of memory production, and conception of the role of trauma in relation to memory and identity. These propositions, although they require further refinement, amendment or reformulation, are considered an immensely important contribution to sociological theory. The conceptions and theories about the relations between memory, trauma and identity that have grown out of the study of the Romani are also applicable to other collectivities.
9

Diskurzívna (de)konštrukcia kolektívnej identity: súperiace obrazy „Rómov“

75%
Mikus M.
Český lid: etnologický časopis (Český lid: Ethnological journal)
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2008
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vol. 95
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issue 3
251-272
EN
This interdisciplinary work explores current controversy over the collective identity of Romani and reasons for their social predicament. The first position, associated with Romani studies and identity politics, sees all Romani as a part of an 'ethnic group', and connects their plight to 'racial' discrimination and intolerance. Some anthropologists and social policy-makers call this 'primordialism' and deconstruct the notion of a unitary and natural 'Romani nation', maintaining most ghetto inhabitants are only classified as 'Romani' and their identity derives from their 'social exclusion'. Matching policies are advocated. The author combines contemporary anthropological approaches to the identity construction with theories of discourse to conceptualize the debate, completing the framework with self-reflection of social science. The method of Critical Discourse Analysis is applied in examining corpora of academic and specialized writing, policy papers and media texts for the discourse construction of identity. Arguing that both discourses are differentiated instantiations of the same diagram of power normalizing 'troublesome' subjectivities, the author touches upon the ethical responsibility of scientists deconstructing essentialist representations of identities and circulating their own constructs instead.
10

ON THE VITALITY AND ENDANGERMENT OF THE ROMANI LANGUAGE IN SLOVAKIA

75%
Rácová A., Samko M.
Asian and African Studies
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2017
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vol. 26
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issue 2
185 – 208
EN
Linguists expect that 90 ̶ 95% of 6,000 ̶ 7,000 languages worldwide may vanish in the course of this century, which may also lead to a loss of the unique identities, cultures, and traditions that these languages embody. According to criteria proposed by a UNESCO commission, various languages face different degrees of endangerment at present. The Romani language is classified as ‘definitely endangered’, which is Degree 3 in the UNESCO’s classification system. The present article will focus on a detailed evaluation of the general socio-linguistic situation of the Romani language in Slovakia, its causes and consequences, which contribute to its level of endangerment and which have led linguists to classify the language as definitely endangered. The article will be framed mainly by a consideration of the factors as defined by a study drafted by the above mentioned UNESCO commission, namely intergenerational language transmission, absolute number of speakers, proportion of speakers within the total population, trends in existing language domains, response to new domains and media, materials for language education and literacy, governmental and institutional attitudes and policies, including official status and use, and community members’ attitudes toward their own language. We will draw on published materials on the status and use of the Romani language in Slovakia as well as on the results of the field research that we conducted in 2015 by means of individual semi-structured interviews.
11
Content available remote

Kultivace (standardního) jazyka

63%
Nekvapil J.
Slovo a slovesnost: časopis pro otázky teorie a kultury jazyka (Slovo a slovesnost: A journal for the theory of language and language cultivation)
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2007
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vol. 68
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issue 4
287-301
EN
This paper outlines the basics of the Prague School concept of language cultivation and main features of how it has been put into practice in the Czech Republic, and compares this approach with current language planning in Sweden. The paper aims at (1) placing the Prague School concept of language cultivation within the framework of international sociolinguistics, (2) pointing out that this concept contributes only partially to solving the language problems of contemporary societies, (3) outlining the possibilities of language cultivation in the post-modern era, while paying attention to language standardization, de-standardization and management. The author argues that the access of the Czech Republic to the EU will change the language situation of the country including the focus of and attitudes toward language planning.
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