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1

ROUSSEAU AND HELVETIUS ON THE PROBLEM OF EDUCATION

100%
Roussel J.
Przegląd Humanistyczny
|
2005
|
vol. 49
|
issue 3(390)
29-38
EN
Although relationships between Rousseau and Hélvetius were full of respect, their concepts of education were so different that they resulted in a conflict. They both pursue to cognition of a man throwing away all forms of apriorism; they underline the influence of outer factors on creation of a human being and the role of senses in the cognitive process. Yet, sensualist tendencies are stronger in Hélvetius'. The 'pursuit of perfection' is what differs a man from animals, according to Rousseau. A human being is not only physical, the spiritual element is crucial. Thus the conflict becomes one of the representations of the discourse of freedom, which was essential for the époque.
2

To Give Providence a Shake

100%
Baczko B.
Przegląd Filozoficzno-Literacki
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2007
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vol. 6
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issue 3-4(18)
217-231
EN
For Enlightenment, in the middle of 18th century, it is significant to understand nature in the categories of physical and moral order. Providence plays special role in it: it guarantees this order, but, at the same time, it is subordinated to the rules of that order rigorously. In this perspective, monsters and natural disasters, i.e. contingent accidents, through which nature seems to negate itself and to question its rational order, are of special interest and, from an epistemological point of view, are quite confusing. Earthquake, which on 1st November 1755 happened in Lisbon, provokes a lot of impetuous discussions. In this essay the author describes polemics in this matter between Voltaire and Rousseau, and the later standpoint by Condorcet.
3

Rousseau, Diderot, and the birth of authenticity

88%
Warchala M.
Teksty Drugie (Second Texts)
|
2006
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issue 1/2(97/98)
205-224
EN
This essay attempts at analysing the notion or concept of authenticity (approached as a moral postulate) in Jean-Jacques Rousseau's works. The basic subject of analysis includes: the 'Lettre á d'Alembert sur les Spectacles' (Letter to Alembert on the Theater); 'Les Confessions' (The Confessions); and 'Les Reveries du Promeneur Solitaire' (Reveries of the Solitary Walker). These are treated as parts of a peculiar 'monologue' in which Rousseau endeavours to present himself to the reading audiences, seeks to find his 'self proper', associable with the notion of 'nature'. The tools used include, at first, a critique of theatre and mask, then, a subjective attempt at describing his own life, and, finally, an intimate meditation. Partly inspired by a deconstructionist analysis, the author argues that all three attempts end up in a failure: a triumph of mask (Letter..., The Confessions), a loss of subjectivity and the 'self' getting melted in a mechanistic order of nature (Reveries...). This is indicative of certain aporiae occurring within the very notion of 'authentic self'; in order to emphasise them even stronger, Rousseau's texts are juxtaposed with Diderot's 'Rameau's Nephew', an ironical description of subjectivity to which theatricality and guise is the proper element. The essay is part of a larger work devoted to the history of the notion of authenticity in modern thought.
4

KONSTRUOVÁNÍ PŘIROZENÉHO STAVU V ROUSSEAUOVĚ FILOSOFII

88%
Sváčková K.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
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2018
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vol. 73
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issue 3
191 – 200
EN
The paper examines Rousseau’s approach to the classical “state of nature” conception. Is Rousseau’s system coherent or not? For Rousseau, the state of nature seems to be a hypothetical abstract concept on one hand and a real state of intersubjective relationships within specific human communities on the other.
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