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EN
Despite of the fact that studies on the topic of “places of remembrance” reached an inflationary number in the last decades, the article argues for the need of new perspectives in this field. They are identified as bilateral and transnational “places of remembrance”, valid not only for a national community but also for smaller communities on regional and transregional levels. With the definitions of the key concepts “remembrance” and “places”, the article strives to sketch out the theoretical background for studies, dealing with specific problems of German-Czech or Bavarian-Bohemian histories
EN
This paper discusses the tourism in places in connection with “class struggle” during the era of state socialism in Czechoslovakia. During the time of economic crisis in the 1930s, there were some incidents between gendarmerie and striking workers in the areas of high unemployment. These events were misused in the propaganda as legitimization of the Communist Party’s leading role after the 1948 revolution. These places of “class struggle” were privileged in hierarchy of heritage preservation during the communist era (1948–1989). The author focuses on sources connected with tourism (guidebooks, maps) and raises the question if historical agents and society adopted these places. The methodological remarks are an important part of the paper.
DE
The focus of this article lies on the importance of the pogroms of 1918-1919 for the memory of Central and Eastern European Jewry of the First World War and the retrospective perception of the various occupying powers. Exemplarily, the pogroms of Krakow, Lemberg and Pinsk are discussed. An outlook is also given about the mutual perception of Jews and Germans during the Second World War, which was changed by these experiences.
PL
Tematem artykułu jest znaczenie pogromów z lat 1918-1919 dla pamięci Żydów Europy Środkowej i Wschodniej z I wojny światowej oraz retrospekcyjnego postrzegania różnych mocarstw okupacyjnych. Przykładem są pogromy w Krakowie, Lemberg i Pińsku. Jeden z poglądów dotyczy również wzajemnego postrzegania Żydów i Niemców w czasie II wojny światowej, które zostały zmienione przez te doświadczenia.
EN
Jehovah’s Witnesses have been present in Poland for over a hundred years. This period was full of various events affecting both their entire community and its individual members. Beginnings in the interwar period - partly as a legal association, but also as a group facing misunderstanding and attempts to make it illegal. The period of the Nazi occupation - tragic for the entire community and for individual believers who in concentration camps, wearing a purple triangle armband, were victims of this system. Poland of 1945-1989 is a stage that can be divided into several fragments - the legal beginning in 1945-1950, the years of banalization and Stalinist persecution - 1950-1956; illegal activity in the years 1956-1979 and the beginning of the road to legal existence in the 1980s. The last stage is the activity in free Poland - it is the period of legal activity from 1989 to the present day. All these stages in the history of Jehovah’s witnesses influence their perception in today’s reality of the Third Republic.
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