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EN
The article covers important manifestations and specifics of the protest culture of the Polish community within the South-Western region of the Russian Empire in the first half of the 1860s on the basis of analysis and synthesis of information from the documents of "Office of Kyiv, Podillya and Volyn Governor-General" (f.442) and "Office of the trustee of the Kiev school district" (f.707) of the Central State Historical Archive of Ukraine (Kyiv). Defending one's own cultural identity as a driver of national development is connected with the awareness of the political interests and goals of the liberation struggle of Poles. The unique influence of the Polish question on historical processes, the configuration of international relations in Europe during the "long 19th century" determines the relevance and scientific significance of the study and thinking of the history of Polish national and cultural movement. Comprehensive study of the Polish question in the European history of the 19th century is an important part of the scientific perception of interethnic contradictions and antagonisms in the Russian Empire and the reaction of European diplomacy and public opinion, a deeper understanding of the essence of Russian-Polish cultural and civilizational confrontation and its impact on Ukrainian national life. Following the three partitions of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (1772, 1793, 1795) most of the territories of this formerly powerful European state were incorporated into the Russian Empire, there was a fierce struggle for cultural and ideological dominance in the region. The Polish national liberation movement of the 1860s, which culminated in the January Uprising of 1863-1864, developed against a background of broad social and cultural resistance to Russian autocracy, manifested in such protest actions as mourning and serving panikhads for dead Poles, singing patriotic Polish songs and hymns, public wearing of national costumes, participation in anti-government manifestations and demonstrations, refusal to read prayers for the emperor in churches, and so on. Clergy and educators, as well as students and pupils, were the driving force behind this protest movement, which had an international resonance.
PL
The article presents a description and analysis of the peculiarities of the handwritten prayer books of Catholics of the Right-Bank Ukraine of the XVIІІ–XIX centuries on the example of one of the collections of the Central State Historical Archives of Ukraine in Kiev.
EN
The article, based on archival materials, shows the network of Basilian monasteries of the Greco-Uniate Church on the Right Bank of Ukraine after the region became part of the Russian Empire. The main legislative acts adopted by the Russian authorities in order to regulate the activities of these monasteries are considered. It was found that the authorities aimed to abolish the Basilian monastic order, gradually closing its monasteries. The participation of the Basilians in the Polish November Uprising of 1830 is also reflected. It is emphasized that this uprising became a catalyst for the liquidation of the Basilian monasteries. After the suppression of the uprising, in 1832 the Basilian Order was officially abolished. During 1831–1834, 15 of the 25 Basilian monasteries on the Right Bank of Ukraine were closed, and by the end of the 1830s, none remained in the region.
PL
W artykule bazowano na materiałach archiwalnych, odzwierciedlono sieć klasztorów bazylianów Cerkwi grecko-unickiej na prawym brzegu Ukrainy po włączeniu regionu do Imperium Rosyjskiego. Rozważono główne akty ustawodawcze przyjęte przez władze rosyjskie w celu uregulowania działalności tych klasztorów. Stwierdzono, że władze dążyły do znie¬sienia zakonu bazylianów, stopniowo zamykając jego klasztory. Odzwierciedla się także udział bazylianów w Powstaniu Listopadowym 1830 roku. Podkreśla się, że powstanie to stało się katalizatorem procesu likwidacji klasztorów bazylianów. Po stłumieniu powstania, w 1832 roku oficjalnie zniesiono zakon bazylianów. W latach 1831–1834 15 z 25 klasztorów bazylianów na prawym brzegu Ukrainy zostało zamkniętych, a do końca lat 30. XIX wieku żaden nie pozostał w regionie.
EN
The article analyzes educational and cultural connections of Vilno with educational establishments of Right-Bank Ukraine in the first quarter of the 19th century and includes the study of the external factors’ influence on the formation of town cultural environment in Ukrainian provinces within the Russian empire in the period when Lithuanian, Belorussian and Ukrainian territories of the former Rzeczpospolita (Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth) were the part of Vilno educational district. The article states that educational establishments controlled by Vilno University took the most important part in the processes of interaction and communication of towns’ population in that period. In this connection the article considers official transfers of teaching staff within Belorussian and Ukrainian territories. School teachers were mostly representatives of land-poor gentry and promoted both the expansion of school activity sphere and spiritual communication in towns and settlements of Right-Bank Ukraine provinces in general. The article also pays attention and stresses the movement of printed matter and certain cultural values from Vilno to the educational establishments of Right-Bank Ukraine. The article makes a conclusion that Polish culture dominated in towns’ cultural space.
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