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Preiotarea în limba română

100%
Klimkowski T.
Studia Romanica Posnaniensia
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2014
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vol. 41
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issue 2
41-57
EN
This paper analyses the phenomenon of preiotacisation in Romanian, which consists in the prothesis of a semi-consonant [j] before the initial [e]. In fact, this is only an orthographic convention, because in most cases (eu, ele, ești, e, este, eram) the initial [je] segment is a proper diphthong of different origins that is written e, instead of ie, like in other words. Preiotacisation appears only in the pronouns el, ei and in the Old Romanian pronunciation of some borrowed words. The [j]-prothesis cannot be separated from other types of prothesis attested in the spoken language. This tendency is parallel to the similar phenomenon from Slavic languages and possibly was developed under their influence.
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ON WRITERS AS TRANSLATORS /SUR LES ECRIVAINS-TRADUCTEURS, DANIELA HAISAN, CASA CARTII DE ŞTIINTA, CLUJ-NAPOCA, 2016, 280 P.

88%
ROSTOŞ I.
Concordia Discors vs Discordia Concors: Researches into Comparative Literature, Contrastive Linguistics, Cross-Cultural and Translation Strategies
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2016
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vol. 8
146-155
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Beauty And The BeastFrom A Cognitive Linguistic Perspective: Animal Metaphors For Women In Serbian And Romanian

88%
KILYENI A., SILAŠKI N.
Gender Studies
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2014
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vol. 13
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issue 1
163-178
EN
Under the theoretical wing of Conceptual Metaphor Theory, we present a contrastive cognitive and linguistic analysis of the women are animals metaphor as used in Romanian and Serbian. Our main aim is to establish whether the names of the same animals are used in the two languages to conceptualise women and their various characteristics (particularly physical appearance and character traits), or alternatively, whether the two languages exhibit any linguistic or conceptual differences in this regard.
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The Linguistic Image Of Man In The Hungarian And Romanian Languages

88%
Magyari S.
Acta Universitatis Sapientiae, Philologica
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2014
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vol. 5
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issue 2
137-148
EN
By analyzing the key words we reconstruct the conceptions created by the two speech communities in their languages in order to understand their interpretation of reality. The analysis of the collocations and expressions identifies common basic principles reflecting the relationship between language and thought. The analysis is based on the theory of linguistic relativity and uses methods recommended by Bańczerovski Janusz, Lera Boroditsky and Anna Wierzbicka in order to investigate connections between language and culture, language and thought. By adapting the recommended evaluation methods an evaluation model was created, able to reconstruct the Hungarian and Romanian linguistic image of man.
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Cultural and Specialized Skills of a Subtitler

88%
Imre A.
Acta Universitatis Sapientiae, Philologica
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2015
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vol. 7
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issue 3
109-118
EN
The article offers a practical approach to the skills a present-day translator needs in order to create high-quality translations. Although a lot of theories can be found regarding the skills of a translator, it is worth checking the reality, which is the primary aim of this article. After a short introduction about the standard skills, we look into the subtitling of an episode from a TV series. Our presupposition is that a subtitler has to combine all sorts of information from different fields effectively in order to maintain quality, including general and specific knowledge of the subject matter. Furthermore, the particular environment of subtitling may contain certain pitfalls, such as the technical know-how. layout, and constraints deriving from the nature of subtitling. We can draw the conclusion that a well-prepared translator can successfully handle the technical challenges of multimedia translation of whatsoever type.
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Syntagmatyka morfotaktyczna i morfonologiczna rumuńskich rzeczowników odczasownikowych

88%
Cychnerski T.
Slavia Meridionalis
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2013
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vol. 13
EN
Morphotactic and morphophonological syntagmatics of the Romanian verbal nounsThis paper tries to formulate a working hypothesis concerning the general morphological structure of the Romanian verbal nouns. Its first part consists in the analysis of the verbal nouns morphophonology. Some basic types of the syntagmatic structure are presented here for each morphological part of these words (root, prefixes, suffixes, inflections, interfixes). The second part is a morphotactic analysis of the forty verbal nouns. There are the nine general types of the syntagmatic structure formulated for the whole set of these Romanian lexemes.
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Categoria verbale del tempo. Uno studio contrastivo italiano-romeno

88%
Popa C. F.
Concordia Discors vs Discordia Concors: Researches into Comparative Literature, Contrastive Linguistics, Cross-Cultural and Translation Strategies
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2020
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vol. 14
92-102
EN
In the analysis of grammatical terminology, we can identify a methodological description of the verbal category of tense common to both Italian and Romanian. That could be taken to account for the fact that these two languages feature the same main moods and tenses, but with some different nuances from the point of view of verbal or temporal aspect. Our study aims to present and analyse such differences between Italian and Romanian, with a major focus on those encountered in the verbal category of tense. The present paper is intended to view tense from the morphosyntactic vantage point (verbal tenses of the finite moods), with the lexical stance (adverbs, prepositional phrases) to be documented in subsequent research.
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Illocutionary Force and Romanian Orthodox Sermons: An Application of Speech Act Theory to Some Romanian Orthodox Sermons

75%
Gioroceanu A.
Lodz Papers in Pragmatics
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2010
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vol. 6
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issue 2
341-359
EN
The aim of the paper is to analyze religious discourse with the use of the instruments of semantics and pragmatics. Essentially, it sets out to identify the linguistic elements which enable the illocutionary force in the Romanian orthodox sermons, especially in the discourse of some important figures which have influenced and still influence the Romanian orthodox theology and the religious life in Romania: Father Cleopa, Father Nicolae Steinhardt, and, nowadays, Father Teofil Pârâianu. It is usually assumed that a sermon implies, on the one hand, a kerugmatik action, that of annunciation, and, on the other hand, a translating action of the biblical induce the human will to practice the words in order to Christian precepts. Mutatis mutandis, the perlocutionary effect depends on the illocutionary act and of the illocutionary force. In theory, the illocutionary force of an utterance is strictly motivated by the pragmatic (Ionescu-Ruxăndoiu 2003). But there are linguistic elements which function as efficient markers of the illocutionary force (Austin 1962: 73-76), for example performative verbs, verbal moods and some adverbs. The criteria proposed by Searle in order to differentiate the illocutionary acts (illocutionary point of utterance, direction of fit, psychological state, intensity, etc.) resulted in the identification of several types inside this class. Searle's taxonomy serves the research purposes: the identification of illocutionary acts found in this kind of religious discourse and, finally, outlining a pattern of manifestation of the illocutionary force inside the sermon.
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Recreating “Holy Simplicity”'. Romanian Renditions of Jacques Prévert's Alicante

75%
MĂCIUCĂ G.
Stylistyka
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2009
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vol. 18
301-321
EN
While still under the spell of Jacąues Prevert’s intriguingly unsophisticated Alicante, and in relentless pursuit of uncovering novel strategies for creating literary beauty, I decided to subject the poem to a minutę scrutiny in the hope of ferreting out the secret stuff “holy simplicity” is madę of. Much to my surprise, “lurking” behind this sancta simplicitas I fo- und a fine network of complex pattems, each carefully designed to interact with the rema- inder in a flawless manner, thus considerably enhancing the potency of the ensemble. The following are several of the major pattems involved: dichotomous partition into sexuality and spirituality; colour-related symbolism; word play; dual-nature semantic pattem of keywords (signalling interweaving of libido-related and spirit-related zones); interplay of inherent and non-inherent readings of adjectives, of regular and irregular rhymes, or of verses with different-numbered feet (even and odd); effective intermingling of lexemes which synergetically appeal to four human senses.In the second phase, my research was steered away from fathoming the miracle of creating “holy simplicity” towards investigating the sustained toil of recreating it in a diffe- rent language: Romanian. The two subsections devoted to the topie in question submit to the reader Gellu Naum’s translation of Alicante, and the one originating with nonę other than the author of this contribution respectively. A brief comparison of the two renditions has yielded the following points of dissimilarity: a) Naum’s is a true-to-spirit translation, whereas minę has been created with the genius of the target language in mind. Herefrom stem the main contrasts listed below. b) Naum keeps on the fruit (Fr signifier orange, Rom signifierportocala), while I madę so bold as to replace it by the equally exotic mango for reasons specified under 111.2 below (s. also substitution of noptiera (= bedside ta- ble) and dormitory (= bedroom) for masa (Fr table) and pat (Fr lit) respectively. c) Naum completely disregards the pun in linę 4, whereas I did not think twice about slightly modi- fying the rhythmic pattem in order to be able to render the former into Romanian.d) Likewise, Naum translates in utter defiance of the rhyming pattem, whereas to me ob- serving it is a matter of prime importance.Needless to say, I am quite willing to take both the blame and the credit - if any - for the vast array of meanings I took the liberty to read into Prevert’s poem, as well as for the translational licences resorted to in the hope of successfully putting these unique connota- tions across to the reader.The concluding section discusses still a further possibility of recreating Prevert’s Alicante, namely by setting it to musie. In this respect, Chuck Perrin’s rendition has the ad- ded advantage of enhancing its lyricism, while concurrently taking the poem to that ma- gical space hovering above the spiritual.
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Two Syntactic Strategies to Derive Deadjectival Nominals

75%
Alexiadou A., Iordǎchioaia G.
Anglica Wratislaviensia
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2014
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issue 52
65 - 83
EN
We investigate the morpho-syntax of three patterns of deadjectival nominals in German, Greek and Romanian. These nominals are suffix-based or zero-derived and present various crosslinguistic similarities and differences in terms of productivity, interpretation, and their choice of an argument-like genitive phrase. Suffix-based nominals (SNs) are productive and display the same morpho-syntactic properties in all languages — namely, they have a fully nominal internal syntax and realize a genitival argument. Zero-derived nominals present two different semantic instances: partitive bare nominals (PBNs) and quality bare nominals (QBNs). On the one hand, QBNs share the interpretation and the morpho-syntax of SNs in all languages, but have reduced productivity. On the other hand, PBNs are substantially more productive in German than in Greek and Romanian, a difference that associates with a strong contrast in the morpho-syntactic behavior of PBNs in the two language classes. We argue that this many-sided morpho-syntactic and semantic variation can be accounted for by the two word formation processes that Distributed Morphology makes available — word formation from roots and word formation from other words —, which successfully accommodate the correlation between the productivity and the morpho-syntactic properties of the different patterns of nominalizations.
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The Bulgarian-Romanian language boundary: anthroponymical data

75%
Колева [Koleva] К. K.
Slavia Meridionalis
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2015
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vol. 15
EN
The Bulgarian-Romanian language boundary: anthroponymical dataThe topic is Balkan anthroponymy. The area is the Lower Danube – the Bulgarian-Romanian language boundary. In this contact zone there is a distribution of family names, formed from urbonyms. They signal a specific regional belonging, and they show the link with the common area: the Danube river. We are referring to family names of the type: Vidinliev, Kalafatov, Beketov, Svishtovliev, Ruschukliev, Kalarashev, Tutrakanov, (meaning ‘from Vidin’, ‘from Calafat’, ‘from Bechet’, ‘from Svishtov’, ‘from Ruse’, ‘from Calarashi’, ‘from Tutrakan’). This phenomenon is widespread on both banks of the river. Bułgarsko-rumuńska granica językowa. Dane antroponimiczneArtykuł dotyczy bałkańskiej antroponimii w regionie dolnego Dunaju, stanowiącego bułgarsko-rumuńską granicę i jednocześnie strefę kontaktu. W tym regionie częste są nazwiska derywowane od nazw miejscowości. Sygnalizują one pochodzenie, wskazując jednocześnie na rodowód miejscowy, tj. z regionu naddunajskiego. Są to nazwiska takie jak: Vidinliev, Kalafatov, Beketov, Svištovliev, Rusčukliev, Kalarašev, Tutrakanov (oznaczające: 'z Vidinu, z Kalafatu, z Svištova, z Ruse, z Kalaraši, z Tutrakanu'). Zjawisko to występuje po obu stronach Dunaju.
12
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Types de formants dans la dérivation fonctionnelle polonaise et roumaine : bases théoriques

75%
Czarnecki S.
Studia Romanica Posnaniensia
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2020
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vol. 47
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issue 3
35-54
PL
The paper describes types of derivational formatives in Polish and Romanian functional, i.e. synchronic derivation, focusing on the proper derivation (i.e. derivation from single-word bases). The proper derivation is positioned as a type of word-formation and a branch of morphology. The author identifies theprimary functions of derivational formatives: the semantic, pragmatic and syntactic function. The formatives are identified using a methodology developed in Polish word-formation theory, especially within nest derivatology. Applying a methodology developed for the description of the Polish word-formationsystem is aimed at distinguishing derivational formatives in Romanian. The author identifies and classifies the following types of derivational formatives in Romanian: affixes (among these prefixes, suffixes, postfixes and ambifixes), alternants (defined as members of alternation), negative formatives (in backformation), paradigmatic formatives (defined as changes in inflexional paradigm), zero formative and accentual formatives. The author also suggests including the types of word-formation stems in the description of the formal structure of derivatives.
13
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Religious vocabulary in Aromanian compared to Romanian

65%
Klimkowski T.
Balcanica Posnaniensia Acta et studia
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2015
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vol. 22
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issue 1
165-175
PL
The first layer of Aromanian Christian terminology is common for all the Balkan Romance languages. It contains a number of inherited Latin terms and some early assimilated Greek loanwords, due to the Oriental origin of Christianity. As for the later layer, the compound of terms related to ecclesiastical organisation and liturgy or to more sophisticated doctrinal concepts, the Balkan Romance languages substantially differ. In Romanian, it was formed on the basis of Slavonic (or Greek via Slavonic), which was used in the Romanian Orthodox Church by the 17th century. The liturgical language of the Aromanians was Greek (maybe except for Moscopole) and therefore, Aromanian mainly based its religious terminology on Greek, but also on Turkish and Albanian, which can be seen in the Aromanian Missal from the second half of the 18th century. In the next centuries, Aromanian religious vocabulary was strongly influenced by Romanian. The contemporary versions of religious texts, including the Bible (e.g. Caciuperi’s translations), introduce a series of Romanian terms instead of the old ones.
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INTERKULTURELLE DISKURSKONTAKTE DEUTSCH VS. BUCHENLAENDISCH - UKRAINISCH (BZW. IHR INTERFERENZGRAD) IN DER BUKOWINA (1900-1920)

63%
OGUY O.
Concordia Discors vs Discordia Concors: Researches into Comparative Literature, Contrastive Linguistics, Cross-Cultural and Translation Strategies
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2011
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vol. 3
189-212
EN
Due to the colonization policy of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy, Bukovinian dialects of Ukrainian, Romanian, Polish, Buchenländisch and Yiddish were spoken in Bukovina. Their literary forms were written, but with some spots of language interference. Having taken into consideration the present changes, the author finds criteria for using the interference coefficient for languages of Bukovina.
15

Contemporary Romanian Art in the United States1

63%
Altman D.
American, British and Canadian Studies Journal
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2014
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vol. 22
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issue 1
87-93
EN
The article discusses the recent international interest in contemporary Romanian art and its growth in market share, with a focus on the United States. The theme is followed thorough in numerous museum exhibitions, increased collector following, art fair presence, gallery representation and auction activity initially in Europe and the United States. The phenomenon is discussed both in the context of the larger international movement conducive to the contemporary art price bubble, and in that of the local socio-economic changes. My chief interest lies in the factors leading up to the entry of post 1989 Romanian art in the global arena as a manifestation of market forces in the field. The analysis follows its grass roots local emergence through non-profit institutions, individual artists, small publications, low budget galleries, as well as the lack of contribution (with few notable exceptions) of state institutions, while pointing out the national context of increasing deregulation of social support systems resulting in lack of focus on cultural manifestations. The conclusion is that the recent ascent of contemporary Romanian art (and coincidentally, the award winning contemporary Romanian cinematography) is a fortuitous convergence of various factors, among which, increased international mobility and sharing. At the same time, it is also the result of the evolution of various individual artists that pursued a form of art rooted in Romanian artistic tradition but with a focus on the symbolic figurative. The result is a personal semiotics of raising the mundane to extraordinary levels that reconfigured the anxiety of entering a new system into an unmistakable and lasting visual language.
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The Translation of German Hymns into Romanian Between Poetry and Pragmatism

63%
Rudolf G. I.
Review of Ecumenical Studies Sibiu
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2016
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vol. 8
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issue 1
85-99
EN
After centuries of celebrating the divine services only in German language, the Evangelical Church A. C. in Romania (ECR) embarked during the last few decades on the use of a second language within church. The traditional “Evangelical-Saxon” identity of the congregations is undergoing a changing process. Having lost most of its members through emigration, the Evangelical Church A. C. in Romania copes with new social circumstances which have also an effect upon the choice of language. Therefore, in 2007, the ECR published a bilingual (German and Romanian) hymnal. Translating hymns is an intricate endeavour. The practical use of a bilingual hymn-book is challenging as well. The German-Romanian Evangelical hymnal is a witness of how the diaspora church accommodates itself to new linguistic conditions.
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Univerzální koncepce modality a její aplikace na španělský modální systém

63%
Kratochvílová D.
Časopis pro moderní filologii (Journal for Modern Philology)
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2014
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vol. 96
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issue 1
58-73
EN
This article analyses the concept of modality presented by Palmer (1986). Over the years since its publication it has become a universal instrument for describing modality across different languages. The basic contrast between epistemic and deontic modality is nowadays generally accepted. This article focuses primarily on modality in Spanish although it analyses this field in other languages as well (Italian, Romanian and English). By contrasting these four languages the article attempts to answer the question whether a universal terminology can be proved sufficient for the exhaustive description of the modal system of one particular language. The results of the analysis lead to the conclusion that a uniform approach to modality is not ideal because it does not take into consideration specific aspects of a concrete language and its particular way of expressing modality.
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Sandhi externe en macédonien et en roumain. Les assimilations de sonorité

63%
Cychnerska A.
Studia Romanica Posnaniensia
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2020
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vol. 47
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issue 3
21-33
PL
The paper presents a comparative analysis of the assimilation in terms of voicing on the border between words in Macedonian and in Romanian. Although the compared languages belong to different language families, the pronunciation of the obstruental segments in this position is similar. In both Romanian andMacedonian, a regular regressive assimilation is observed on the border between two words. In Macedonian, the voiced obstruent at the end of a word can be pronounced as a voiced or a voiceless before a resonant at the beginning of the next word. It is important that more often the voiced obstruent at the end of the word loses voicing before a vowel in the initial position than before a sonant. In Romanian, before a resonant in the initial position, the voiced obstruent in the final position of the word in front of it is pronounced voiced. The voiceless obstruent on the border between words can be pronounced as a voiced if it occurs before a sonant in the initial position of the next word. This is an optional phenomenon like the voiceless pronunciation of the voiced obstruent before a resonant on the border of two words in Macedonian. As one can see, in both languages, obstruents at the end of a word behave differently before initial vowels and sonants on the inter-word border.
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Rumuńska terminologia religijna a podziały wyznaniowe

62%
Klimkowski T.
Balcanica Posnaniensia Acta et studia
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2020
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vol. 27
181-194
EN
The article presents some terminological differences between various Christian denominations existing on Romanian territory, mainly between the Romanian Orthodox Church, prevalent in Romania, on the one hand and the Greek Catholic Church (the Uniats) and the Roman Catholic Church on the other. These differences are usually a result of a conscious linguistic policy of both Catholic rites and various Protestant and Neo-Protestant denominations. They are also reflected in the use of different forms of the name Jesus Christ, which exists in at least three versions. Even in the case of the same, common notions, the new denominations often introduce different terms, mainly Latin and Romance neologisms, in order to mark an external and formal difference from the Orthodox Church, whose terminology is of mostly Greek and Slavonic origin. 
PL
Artykuł przedstawia wybrane różnice terminologiczne między różnymi odłamami chrześcijaństwa występującymi na terenie Rumunii, głównie między większościowym w Rumunii prawosławiem a katolicyzmem obrządku greckiego (unici) i łacińskiego (rzymscy katolicy). Różnice te są najczęściej wynikiem świadomej polityki językowej obu odmian katolicyzmu oraz różnych denominacji protestanckich i neoprotestanckich. Przejawiają się one również w użyciu różnych form imienia ‘Jezus Chrystus’, funkcjonującego w trzech przynajmniej wersjach. Nawet w przypadku tych samych, wspólnych pojęć nowsze wyznania wprowadzają często odmienne terminy, na ogół neologizmy łacińsko-romańskie, aby w ten sposób odróżnić się również zewnętrznie i formalnie od prawosławia, stosującego terminologię głównie grecko-słowiańskiego pochodzenia. 
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Współczesny bułgarski obraz bałkańskich sąsiadów między swoim a obcym (na materiale bułgarskich internetowych forów dyskusyjnych)

45%
Sotirov P.
Etnolingwistyka. Problemy Języka i Kultury
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2008
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vol. 20
321-332
PL
Przedmiotem niniejszego artykułu są wyobrażenia współczesnych Bułgarów o sąsiednich państwach i narodach na Bałkanach. Jako źródło materiałowe wykorzystano wypowiedzi uczestników bułgarskich forów internetowych na badany temat. Na podstawie analizy internetowych dyskusji ujawniony został współczesny obraz bałkańskich sąsiadów, który jest zróżnicowany. Część wyobrażeń internautów ma charakter stereotypowy odzwierciedlają one wydarzenia historyczne i kształtują generalnie negatywny, choć w różnym stopniu, obraz każdego z bułgarskich sąsiadów. Wiele badanych wypowiedzi bazuje na współczesnych zjawiskach i doświadczeniu osobistym te z kolei kreślą pozytywny obraz sąsiada i dowodzą transformacji dawnych stereotypów. Wśród wszystkich bałkańskich sąsiadów najbardziej zróżnicowany jest obraz Macedończyków, najbardziej zaś wyrazistym kontrapunktem dwóch typów ocen (pozytywnej i negatywnej) jest obraz Serbii i Serbów. Obraz Turcji i Turków związany jest z pewnym paradoksem uczestnicy forów internetowych „zaskoczeni” są własną pozytywną oceną tureckiego sąsiada, sprzeczną z bułgarskimi stereotypami Turcji i Turków jako wiekowego ciemiężyciela. Najbardziej monolityczny i negatywny jest obraz Grecji i Greków. Najmniejsze zainteresowanie na forach internetowych okazano Rumunii. Relacje sąsiedzkie na Bałkanach określone są jako tradycyjnie złe, ale w dyskusjach o nich zauważalne jest myślenie nowego typu, abstrahowanie od historii i orientacja na współczesność. Wyrazem tego sposobu myślenia są apele o poznawanie sąsiednich narodów.
EN
The article deals with the images entertained by contemporary Bulgarians of the neighbouring Balkan countries and nations. The analysis is based on posts on Bulgarian Internet fora. The images in question turn out to be diversified. Some internauts have typically stereotypical pictures of their neighbours: the pictures reflect historical events and are generally negative, though to different degrees. Several posts are based on personal experience and contemporary events, which in turn produces positive images of the neighbours and suggests that the older stereotypes are undergoing modifications. Of all the Balkans, the most diversified is the image of Macedonians, while the most conspicuous positive-vs.-negative valuation can be detected in the image of Serbs and Serbia. The picture of Turks and Turkey involves a certain paradox: internauts are “surprised” at their own positive valuation of that neighbour, which stands in opposition to the traditional Bulgarian stereotype of Turkey as an enemy and oppressor. The most negative and monolithic is the image of Greeks and Greece. The least interesting neighbour are Romanians. Relationships of this sort in the Balkans are usually bad but Internet fora reveal a new type of thinking on the subject, departure from historical prejudices and orientation towards the present. This attitude can be observed in posts of those who advocate modern thinking and a greater interest in the lives of the neighbours.
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