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EN
The article is devoted to issues connected with trade routes and chronology of glass beads in the northern regions of medieval Rus’: Priladozh’e and Belozer’e (Russian North), corresponding today mainly to the Leningrad and Vologda regions. Barter in the fur trade caused huge quantities of glass beads to be concentrated in settlements of the region. Different bead types were present in three chronological periods: 10th–beginning of 11th c., 11th, 12th–13th centuries. Comparison of certain bead types traces the routes by which glass beads came to the north of Rus’. Another method calls for comparing bead necklaces from burials. Cemeteries of the 11th c. in Belozer’e have helped to clarify some of the issues. A characteristic of trade routes in the12th–13th centuries is limited due to a decline in the number of beads from archaeological sites.
EN
The article presents a survey of numerous Russian elements (lexemes and grammatical constructions) in the works of Mariusz Wilk in an attempt to provide their initial classification andinterpretation. Mariusz Wilk, a Polish writer who lives and works in the Russian North, constantly weaves Russicisms into the tissue of his erudite and intertextual statements, making his texts a linguistic experiment with specific textual features. Out of two works by Wilk (Wołoka, Lotem gęsi), more than 140 lexical units (of different status) have been excerpted and subjected to a multifarious analysis. Their typology is based on the concept of space, which is one of the key categories of geopoetics. The author of the article claims that the Russian material in the studied works cannot be treated merely as Russicims in their strict lexicological sense because these words perform specific functions in the texts, among which the communicative, artistic and conceptual functions are in the foreground. Russian segments belong to the most important ingredients of the writer’s idiolect (idiostyle) and, therefore, they should not be treated solely as a violation of the lexical norm. The postulated qualitative and quantitative analysis of Russicisms in Wilk’s works, as well as the assessment of their functional load, open up new possibilities of viewing Russian-Polish language contacts not only as mutual interactions, but above all as building blocks of the author’s message, intersemiotic in its nature.
EN
ABSTRACT: The paper is devoted to analysis of iconography of the Last Judgement plot on the example of two book monuments from collections of Urals and Siberia - “Living of Basil the New” and “The word of Palladiy-monk”. These essays reflect the most important stages of the iconography plot development, which lasted for centuries. Analysis of iconographic details of manuscripts allowed for improving ideas about formation of symbols and images of the Last Judgement in Russian art. It showed variety of artistic facilities in accordance with stylistic specifics and iconographical editions. Analysis of the iconography of the manuscripts allowed to find a process of cultural interaction between the Old Believers workshops and the artists as an important factor for the development of the book decoration art.
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