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EN
The key to the statutory characteristics of homicide in both Polish and Russian criminal law lies in the establishing of the semantic domain of this specific legal notion, which, docketed in Polish and Russian legal order, is a thought model reproducing illegal acts committed intentionally resulting in homicide. However, the explicit legal notion of this crime came into only in the 20th century ultimately excluding the possibility of either ‘registering’ accidental manslaughter or suicide, penalized for centuries, into its scope. Although a ransom, a drastic social therapy in the form of a bloody retaliation or ius talionis constitute now only a historical evolution marks of the right to punish for the crime of murder, the essence of penalty as a reprisal for the crime committed has been intact. The description of homicide only in strict legal terms yielding to normative force and dogmatic conversion can not be completed. The way to its right comprehension lies in rejecting the dominant in Polish and Russian criminal law notion of variegating of the scope of the legal protection of life of individuals for human development stage.
Zeszyty Prawnicze
|
2017
|
vol. 17
|
issue 2
57-73
EN
Summary   One of the striking features of contemporary Russian criminal law is the fact that the ruling of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the USSR of 4th March 1929 defining ‘continuous crime’ is still the introduction to the deliberations on this institution, which from the Polish point of view is remarkable, because none of the court decisions issued in Poland in the Communist period has been attributed such importance. It should also be noted that even though in the current Russian Penal Code (1996) there is no regulation for the construction of continuous crime, which is explained by the fact that a common position has still not been set forth on its premises or shape, which in turn raises concern from the point of view of the principle of nullum crimen sine lege.
PL
Streszczenie Znamiennym dla współczesnego rosyjskiego prawa karnego jest fakt, że do tej pory postanowienie Plenum Sądu Najwyższego ZSRR z 4 marca 1929 r., które  definiuje przestępstwo ciągłe, stanowi wstęp do rozważań o tej instytucji, co z polskiego punktu widzenia stanowi fenomen, gdyż żadnemu z judykatów wydanych w okresie PRL nie przypisywano tak ogromnego znaczenia. Należy także podkreślić, że również w obecnie obowiązującym rosyjskim Kodeksie karnym z 1996 r. nie uregulowano konstrukcji przestępstwa ciągłego, co tłumaczone jest tym, że po dzień dzisiejszy nie wypracowano wspólnego stanowiska odnośnie do jego przesłanek czy kształtu, co jednakże budzi zastrzeżenia z punktu widzenia zasady nullum crimen sine lege.
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