In the presented article processes of transformation of some anglicisms (English expressions) strictly connected with the changes that happened in the Russian reality on turn of the 20th century are considered. The author makes an analysis of the anglicisms on the basis of press and the Internet vocabulary.
The paper discusses reactions of Russian and Polish (first of all - Warsaw) press to the famous Leo Tolstoy’s escape from Yasnaya Polyana in 1910. A comparison between publications shows that Polish newspapers wrote relatively much and regularly about the event, but interpreted it in a different way than the Russian ones. While the Russian press explained Tolstoy’s escape mostly in the context of his beliefs and views, the Polish one clarified the situation through the personality of the writer, as an act of an extraordinary person or a desperate step of a madman or of a pretender (such interpretation was also presented by the Russian conservative press). This fundamental difference in interpretation can be explained first of all by another status, which Tolstoy had between the Russian and Polish people - for the Poles he was mainly not, as in Russia, a moral authority, but an outstanding writer. Tolstoy’s world-view could also play an important role, especially his religious views, and the significance of Catholicism for the Polish people as one of the most important elements of the national identity.
Discourse in this paper is represented by the totality of texts (Koller, 2004, p. 18) covering events in former Soviet republics such as Ukraine, Georgia and the Baltic countries. Over 100 texts have been collected from the most popular Russian newspapers, Argumenty i Fakty and Komsomol’skaia Pravda, between 2004 and 2010 in order to compile a “discourse of Russian satellites.” Even though the contemporary Russian press avoids the totalitarian habits of Soviet times such as monoglossia, dysphemisms (language of insults), sanctions and social commands, it still attempts to exercise control over the formation of readers’ opinions. The Russian press tries to channel the reaction of their audience toward disapproval of independent nations. The objective of this article is to summarize those narrative techniques which generate negative responses toward sovereign countries of the former Soviet Union. These techniques, which are called “strategies for discrediting opponents,” include sourcing favorable and unfavorable opinions, humorous framing, ironic statements and constructing a negative background. The means of control are subtle, but they are no less effective than through direct coercion.
The main feature of journalistic style of speech is the guideline of principle on the impact which is realized through verbal strategies of journalists. Researchers of language in their professional activities operate concepts and terms planning verbal behavior, speech strategies. The aim of using such actions is to correct picture of the world of recipient. The author discloses different ways and methods of person discrediting in the Russian press which was actively used for last 10–15 years. Described in the work features of language used in journalism are increasingly determined by social factors, which expanded their activities in the former Soviet Union.
The article is concerned with the dueling incidents with participation of Polish deputies of Imperial Duma which took place in 1906 and 1913. The author reconstructs the causes, further things happening and results of these clashes as well as evidences their coverage from Russian news media and perception by Russian public. Special attention is put to the conflict of deputies belonging to the Polish group in Imperial Duma with the future Prime Minister of the Provisional Government A.F. Kerensky. The author proves that although on a moral level the injured party was Polish deputies, their chosen modus operandi was unsuccessful, and in the minds of the liberal democratic part of the Russian society Kerensky came out victor.
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