Theoretical considerations related to the functioning of the labor market are always the implication of many economic factors. Market theorists and pragmatists are trying to determine the assumptions that guide the market in order to prevent the increasing unemployment. Over the years, a number of theories of unemployment have been determined but do they protect the labor market? The controversy on the relationship between inflation and unemployment is one of the popular macroeconomic dependencies. Presented relationship has been given a lot of criticism. One of the economic trends that has taken criticism on accuracy found in this relationship is the trend called "rational expectations". This trend taking criticism aroused astonishment among economists. In the classification of schools and trends it did not fit into any of the paradigms. Today, it belongs to the mainstream neoclassical economics, under the name of the new classical economics, new classical macroeconomics, or school of rational expectations. The content of the paper shows the main areas of criticism of Keynesian relationship between inflation and unemployment. Keywords: inflation, unemployment, Phillips curve, the rational expectations.
The article aim is to demonstrate the role of the program 'My Pitch-Orlik 2012' in improving human capital and Polish labor market. The paper tries to emphasize the essence of this program and focus on the elements supporting the labor market. The paper presents the general role of sport in the development of society and economy. The source for the verification of hypotheses and objectives at work statistics are taken from the pages of the Ministry of Sport and Tourism, as well as on the part of the project - www.orlik2012.pl. The analysis carried out in the paper shows that the program 'My Pitch-Orlik 2012' has a positive impact on the Polish labor market.
The contemporary labour market is mosaic of diverse of bearings and action taken by both employers and employees. The abundance of factors shaping these behaviours and action, variables in the time, causes that the labour market should be described and analysed more as something, what "is happening" than as something, what "is". The study constitutes the attempt to pay attention for different perceiving of the labour market as well as is moving closer some of the social and civilization nature factors which are justifying its such a perception.
The important factors influencing milk enterprises competitiveness involve: labor market local conditionings including labor force resources' size and their changes direction, inhabitants demographic structure, unemployment rate as well as education and professional qualifications level. They have great impact on labor cost level as well as on the level of labor effectiveness and productiveness. Survey shows that Lublin region's de-population, low level of country inhabitants share in Lublin region total population as well as inhabitants aging negatively influences competitiveness ex ante of surveyed entities. Apart from showed suitable labor factor quality, the level of labor effectiveness was identified low what hampered potential use of competitive advantage resulting from less than average labor cost. Above mentioned can result from over-employment in some surveyed entities connected with difficulties with labor factor management. Associated with above difficulties there is potential relation between regional labor conditions - accessibility, quality and price implicating and milk enterprises competitiveness. There is a necessity to rise the labor effectiveness to maintain or increase the competitiveness of milk factories in Lublin region.
Due to the questions concerning the Silesian autonomy it seems important to estimate whether and to what extend Silesians constitute a national minority. National minorities differ in terms of culture, language, religion, as well as in the sphere of economy. Analyses of the records of the year 2002 allow to confirm the existence of such differences of the people declaring Silesian nationality. It can be seen on the job market, not only in comparison with the inhabitants of other parts of Poland, but also in the Silesian and the Opole voyevodship.
The scope of activities used in the active labour market policy in recent years has been substantially altered as a result of the clash of opposing tendencies. On the one hand, the financial crisis limits the availability of financial resources, on the other - the deterioration in the labour market increases the scale of investment required for the implementation of the employment policy. There has been a substantial increase of the demand for financing of passive labour market measures, which is contrary to the achievement of the ambitious goals of employment accepted by the Europe 2020 Strategy. This reduces the evaluation of the effectiveness of labour market policies and the degree of achievement of its objectives for the period 2007-2013.
In the publication, there was conducted the analysis of labour market policy in the United Kingdom in area of implemented reforms of social policy, which were begun by the New Deal Program up to the conception of Universal Credit. The publication was devised on the base of research, which were made in London in September 2011. They included interviews with representatives of both public and private labour market institutions. The respondents came from the Department for Work and Pensions and two British employment providers, which have significant meaning for the employment services, they participate regularly in the state Work Programs and they create British social policy. Moreover, the author, in the publications, recommends some of the British solutions, which are worth implementing in Polish social and economic reality
Parler des compétences des travailleurs conduit à évoquer les besoins, lacunes ou incompétences qui proviennent de l'utilisation des technologies de communication électronique. Paralèllement, les changements sur le marché du travail polonais indiquent que le travail mental non routinier prend une place de plus en plus importante. Compte tenu de l'importance et de l'impact des /incompétences /dans le travail effectué dans différents groupes professionnels, on peut déjà observer une lacune évidente, à la fois de nature cognitive et sociale.
Topic addressed in this study is extremely important and timely in terms of economic activity in the labor market still young and still learning. Currently, they are becoming more numerous and often sought after group of employees by employers, such as those offering internships employee. Requirements of the booming job market for graduates, motivates learners to work even during initial training, in order to make it easier to start after finishing education. It often happens that the work undertaken in college becomes a permanent job for a long time. It can be observed that over the last several years beginning activity among students moved into a learning period, young people no longer wait until the end of the period of study to take up employment.
The paper presents the types of support available to disabled people entering or returning to labour market. The special emphasis was put for presentation abilities which were created for disabled people who starts his own business or intend to do this. Seems that funds for economic activity becomes important factor creating entrepreneurship in times of crisis. Currently, people who wants to start a business may apply for funds from one of the following sources: the grant from the PFRON, the European Social Fund under the Human Capital Operational Programme, and the Labour Fund. For many of them these are a huge chance of leaving the circle of the unemployed and finding one's place in the economic reality. The text is enriched with information about active instruments of labour market available for disabled.
Celem artykułu jest prezentacja, analiza i ocena funkcjonowania rynku pracy w województwie wielkopolskim w latach 2000-2013. Na tle sytuacji na rynku pracy dokonano także analizy sytuacji w zakresie polityki rynku pracy prowadzonej w przekroju regionalnym. Przeanalizowano tu wydatki z Funduszu Pracy poniesione na prowadzenie polityki rynku pracy. W Wielkopolsce występuje dość duże zróżnicowanie stóp bezrobocia: od miasta Poznania i powiatu poznańskiego, gdzie stopa bezrobocia jest na poziomie naturalnym, do powiatów o wysokim bezrobociu i jego trwałym charakterze, jak w przypadku powiatu wągrowieckiego i innych. Zróżnicowanie terytorialne bezrobocia w regionie wielkopolskim jest zatem dodatkową cechą charakterystyczną, na którą muszą zwracać uwagę politycy szczebla regionalnego zajmujący się sprawami rynku pracy.
EN
The aim of the paper is to present, analyze and evaluate changes taking place on the labour market in the context of the labour market policy. The study area covers Wielkopolskie Voivodeship, which has been presented against national indexes, however, sometimes statistical data for poviats of this voivodeship have been applied. The time scope covers the period 2003-2014, although data availability sometimes has limited the time scope. The study includes a presentation of the level, structure and rate of unemployment on the study area. Expenditures on labour market policy have been presented regarding their level and subject structure. Moreover, there has been performed an analysis of employment efficiency and cost labour market policy on the study area. The final part of the paper offers synthetic conclusions formulated on the basis of the carried out analyses as well as recommendations for regional politicians.
Proces starzenia się ludności niesie ze sobą istotne konsekwencje dla rynku pracy w postaci deficytu zasobów pracy i zmianę ich struktury wiekowej. Podniesienie stopnia wykorzystania potencjału zawodowego osób ze starszych roczników wieku niemobilnego stało się jednym z priorytetów aktywnej polityki rynku pracy w krajach europejskich. Celem artykułu jest określenie luki w zatrudnieniu ze względu na płeć w subpopulacji 50+ w Polsce oraz identyfikacja głównych źródeł tego zjawiska. Pierwsza część artykułu zawiera krótką charakterystykę współczesnego rynku pracy, w części drugiej przeprowadzono analizę poziomu aktywności zawodowej osób w wieku 50-64 lat. W artykule wykorzystano analizę danych zastanych.
A number of available studies demonstrate that re-entering the labour market after childbirth is difficult for the new mothers, and taking care of their child until it reaches the kindergarten age (4 y.o.) too often means an irreversible departure from the labour market towards chronic joblessness. The article attempts to diagnose the situation of new mothers trying to re-enter the labour market on the basis of both nation-wide Polish studies and the author's own local surveys. On this basis, the author attempts to identify the most desirable changes to be introduced.
W artykule przedstawiono koncepcję wykorzystania kwantyli w diagnozowaniu. Diagnozowanie zdefiniowano jako rozpoznanie wartościujące, czyli ocenę badanego obiektu z punktu widzenia przyjętego kryterium. Badanym obiektem będzie woj. zachodniopomorskie, a kryterium oceny - zmienne charakteryzujące zarówno stronę podażową, jak i popytową rynku pracy. Każda zmienna zostanie scharakteryzowana albo jako stymulanta, albo jako destymulanta, gdyż - jak wynika z rozważań teoretycznych - charakter zmiennej ma wpływ na wybór odpowiedniego kwantyla. Kwantyle wyznaczone dla wybranych zmiennych będą uznane za normy i na podstawie ich wartości zostanie postawiona diagnoza z punktu widzenia danej zmiennej oraz łączna diagnoza z punktu widzenia wszystkich zmiennych. Wybór odpowiedniego kwantyla jako normy uzależniony będzie od liczebności badanej zbiorowości, charakteru zmiennej diagnostycznej oraz stopnia ostrości normy.
W Polsce jest wiele opracowań z zakresu rynku pracy. Jednakże pomimo tego oraz pomimo dobrze działającego rozbudowanego systemu rachunków narodowych dotychczas nie wypracowano międzynarodowej, spójnej metodologii tworzenia rachunków pracy. Istnieją wytyczne, które nie obejmują wszystkich zagadnień zaproponowanych przez MOP i Eurostat. Celem artykułu jest zaprezentowanie definicji systemu rachunków pracy, omówienie jego roli i znaczenia dla nowoczesnego, zintegrowanego systemu prezentacji danych statystycznych, jak też porównanie systemu rachunków pracy z systemem rachunków narodowych oraz macierzą przepływów społecznych. (fragment tekstu)
EN
In Poland there are many studies concerning labour markets, but an international, consistent methodology for creating work accounts has not been developed. Currently there are guidelines, which do not include all the issues proposed by the ILO and Eurostat. This article presents the definition of accounts work system and the discuss its role and importance in the modern, integrated system of statistical data presentation, as well as a comparison of work accounts system with the system of national accounts and social-flow matrix. (original abstract)
Jednym z najpoważniejszych wyzwań dla rynku pracy w Polsce jest aktywizacja zawodowa osób w wieku produkcyjnym niemobilnym (powyżej 45. roku życia). Populację tę charakteryzują niskie wskaźniki zatrudnienia i mała aktywność zawodowa. Towarzyszy temu postępujący jej wzrost liczebny. Efektem tego jest odwracanie się tzw. piramidy wieku. Wszystko to wymaga uruchomienia mechanizmów dostosowawczych oraz stosownych rozwiązań instytucjonalnych i systemowych. Szczególną rolę mają do wypełnienia stosowne instrumenty rynku pracy i formy wsparcia aktywności osób starszych.
EN
One of the most important challenges in the labour market is a professional activation of people of the immobile, productive age (over 45 years of age). The features of this population are the low employment rates and low efficiency of professional. This situation is accompanied by a progressive increase in the number of this population. This is the result of the reversal of the age pyramid. All of this requires the implementation adjustment mechanisms and appropriate system and institutional solutions. A specific functions are fullfilled by labour market instruments and support of activity of elderly.
The search for full employment represents a societal delusion, given that the world does not need and cannot use all of the human labor available and, as time goes on, will need less and less. The pace of technologically created unemployment is increasing, and unceasing efforts to create jobs and to obscure the amount of real unemployment inevitably lead to personal degradation, societal corruption, economic disaster, and global danger. A new social paradigm, which does not posit work as its underlying and overarching value, is needed.
Doświadczenie zawodowe jest jednym z czynników warunkujących pomyślne wejście absolwentów na rynek pracy. Młodzi ludzie często próbują pogodzić naukę na uczelni w trybie stacjonarnym z pracą zarobkową. Badania ankietowe przeprowadzone wśród studentów Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego w Katowicach pomogły w ustaleniu skali tego zjawiska oraz określeniu czynników, które złożyły się na decyzję o podjęciu pracy. Pozwoliły też na ocenę zgodności wykonywanej pracy z kierunkiem studiów, szans na zdobycie nowych umiejętności i kompetencji cenionych na rynku pracy oraz nawiązanie kontaktów z pracodawcami, dających dobre perspektywy. W badaniu przeprowadzono też próbę identyfikacji problemów pojawiających się w trakcie łączenia pracy zarobkowej ze studiami w trybie stacjonarnym.
EN
Work experience is one of the factors which condition auspicious entry of the graduates into labour market. Young people try to accommodate full-time studies at universities with their jobs. A survey study conducted over a section of the students studying at the University of Economics in Katowice made it possible to identify the extent of this phenomenon and to recognize the factors which affect the decision about starting a job. Moreover, it allowed to assess the coherence between field of study and chosen job and the chances to learn new skills, to gain expertise appreciated in the labour market and to make long-term acquaintance with employers. The research included also an attempt to identify the problems which arise when full-time studies are combined with paid employment.
Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie możliwości wsparcia kształtowania kompetencji kluczowych oraz umiejętności niezbędnych do poruszania się na rynku pracy już na poziomie szkoły podstawowej oraz gimnazjalnej, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem środków z Regionalnych Programów Operacyjnych w perspektywie 2014-2020. Tłem artykułu są wyniki badań przeprowadzonych wśród nauczycieli oraz rodziców uczniów w szkołach podstawowych i gimnazjach na terenie Gminy Gryfice w województwie zachodniopomorskim, dotyczących kompetencji kluczowych posiadanych przez uczniów oraz nauczycieli.
EN
The article is aimed at presenting the necessity and possibility of supporting the development of key competences and skills essential for being successful on the labour market as soon as at primary and lower secondary education levels. Special attention is paid to funds from Regional Operational Programmes for the period 2014-2020. Against that general background, the author presents the results of survey on key competences developed by students and teachers, and conducted among teachers and parents of students attending primary and lower secondary schools in the Municipality of Gryfice located in West Pomeranian voivodeship.
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