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1
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NIEKTORÉ VÝSLEDKY NEDEŠTRUKTÍVNEJ PROSPEKCIE STREDOVEKEJ SAKRÁLNEJ ARCHITEKTÚRY V NITRE

100%
Samuel M., Tirpák J.
Študijné zvesti
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2013
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issue 53
117 - 132
EN
The paper presents results of GPR measurements in three sites in Nitra “Lower Town”. In two cases they included perished medieval sacral architectures (Church of St. Jacob, Church of St. Michal), while the third one is the still standing, and in use, object (Church of St. Stephen). All the mentioned churches fulfilled an important function in the life of the medieval Nitra. However, there are no relevant written sources for any of them, which would provide satisfactory explanation of the time of their origin. In case of the two perished sacral objects (Church of St. Jacob, Church of St. Michal) not even their exact localisation is known. Therefore the aim of the measurements was mainly to verify possibilities how to identify the architectures and, at the same time, to explore their wider surrounding, with a possibility of detecting the presence of other archaeological objects. The measurement in the area of Svätopluk Square detected the presence of a marked anomaly in places where the tower of St. Goerge´s Church (pulled down in 1882) is assumed to have been standing. The other anomalies which could be associated with the walls of the remaining parts of the church (pulled down in 1786) were not detected. The measurements in the vicinity and in the interior of St. Michael´s Chapel (built in 1739) indicated the presence of older masonries at two areas, probably connected with the perished medieval Church of St. Michael. The measurements carried out in the interior and exterior of St. Stephen´s Church detected the remains of two perished sacristies at the church´s south-eastern side, the existence of a larger crypt in the church´s aisle, foundations of built empore, and indicated the presence of the foundations of the altar mensa.
2
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PO STOPÁCH PRADEDA AUDREY HEPBURN. VÝSLEDKY ARCHEOLOGICKÉHO VÝSKUMU KOSTOLA SV. MIKULÁŠA V KOVARCIACH V ROKOCH 2016–2019

100%
Bielich M., Bodoríková S., Dörnhöferová M., Rajnic T., Piecková E., Dubcová V.
Študijné zvesti
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2020
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vol. 67
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issue 2
383 - 405
EN
The article brings the first information about the research of the baroque church of St. Nicholas in Kovarce, dist. Topoľčany. The research was carried out in 2016–2019 and was induced by the construction activity (hot water connection and lightning conductor). During the archaeological research several new building units were uncovered and documented: a smaller room in the NW corner of the church, a crypt under the northern sacristy and the eastern part of the extinct original polygonal Gothic presbytery of the older church. Three medieval graves from the church cemetery were also documented. In the crypt we documented the remains of A. Wels from the end of the 19th century (great-grandfather of British actress A. Hepburn). Material culture acquired during the research documents the life in the village in the 17th–18th century and grave equipment of the second half of the 19th cent. The anthropological analysis of found skeletal remains is also a part of the paper.
3
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NOVÉ POZNATKY O STREDOVEKEJ SAKRÁLNEJ ARCHITEKTÚRE NA ÚZEMÍ TEKOVA A HONTU

100%
Martinák M.
Študijné zvesti
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2022
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vol. 69
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issue 1
127 – 140
EN
The territory of what is today the northern part of Levice district, located on the border between the former Tekovian and Hontian Counties, belongs to less explored areas in terms of knowledge of lost medieval sacral architecture. In the four presented sites, literary sources reference the existence of medieval sacral buildings. However, no one has explored the previous form of their architecture more closely so far. Using non-destructive architectural exploration followed by geophysical research, it was possible to identify their lost medieval one-nave structures and several architectural details. The preliminary interpretation of the discovered ground plan structures in the context of historical written references point to the construction of the sacral buildings in question probably in the period between the 11th century and the period before 1419. These sacral structures were substantially rebuilt or even completely renovated between the 18th and the 19th centuries.
4
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THE ST. CASIMIR CHAPEL IN VILNA AND ITS CREATORS

100%
Jamski P. J.
Biuletyn Historii Sztuki
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2006
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vol. 68
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issue 1
19-42
EN
The originally Gothic chapel dedicated to the Assumption was funded by Casimir Jagiellonczyk. It served the royal family when it resided in the city's Lower Castle, while the crypt provided a burial site for the Jagiellonians, including the Royal Prince St. Casimir and king Alexander Jagiellonczyk. During the reigns of Sigismund I and Sigismund Augustus, the chapel was enlarged and restored at royal expense. In connection with the rising cult of Casimir-Prince, Sigismund III Vasa initiated efforts to have the chapel restored in preparation for the former's canonisation. Changing political circumstances in the Poland-Lithuania and rising status of Vilna led to the building of a more richly decorated chapel dedicated to St. Casimir, begun around March, 1623 (according to archivised documents), linked directly to the neighbouring Lower Castle (recently 'reconstructed'). To carry out the design, Sigismund employed both local artists (e.g. Piotr Nonhardt), while Constante and Jakub Tencalla were its main executors, while a long list of sculptors and painters were employed for interior decoration. Detailed information also exists on materials used on the main construction. For Sigsmund III Vasa it was important to emphasise the Roman character of the architecture; hence emphasised references to Roman Baroque architecture and that of the Papacy in particular.
5
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VÝSLEDKY ARCHEOLOGICKÉHO A ARCHITEKTONICKOHISTORICKÉHO VÝSKUMU KOSTOLA SV. MARTINA V HONTIANSKEJ VRBICI V ROKOCH 2014-2015

88%
Fottová E., Smetanová P., Bóna M., Matejka M.
Študijné zvesti
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2016
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issue 60
157 - 192
EN
The submitted article presents results of the archaeological and architectonic-historical investigation of the Church of St. Martin in Hontianska Vrbica, Levice district. The beginnings of the church had been dated to the 15th century. The archaeological investigation and architectonic-historical analysis of uncovered architecture moved the date of its origin to the late 12th – early 13th century. Remains of an extinct Romanesque church with a three-quarter-cylindrical apse and its younger early-Gothic addition in the south have been identified there. Thanks to the investigations, we have obtained new information on the structural development of the church in the high Gothic, late Gothic and Baroque periods. The contribution analyses 17 burials from the adjacent uncovered church cemetery and their finds. Special attention is paid to two Baroque tombs discovered inside the church. We obtained well preserved remains of Baroque male clothes of a so-far unknown local thane from one of the tombs.
6

LITURGICKÝ PROSTOR JAKO TVAR NEVYSLOVITELNÉHO V DÍLE ING. ARCH. MGR. TOMÁŠE ČERNOUŠKA

88%
Burda F.
Verba Theologica. Teologický časopis
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2019
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vol. 18
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issue 2
70 – 77
EN
Sacral architecture is one of the basic means of expression in shaping public sphere of residential forms. However, it is absolutely necessary to respond to the specific situation of man and society to don´t fix doctrine of sacral architecture into schematism of emptied forms. One of the first figures who thought about religious architecture in the spirit of the modern sensibility was the Czech architect Thomas Černoušek. Thomas Černoušek´s work is inspired by functionalist architecture concept, further by concept of colors by Piet Mondrian and also by conceptual thinking of Ludwig Mies van der Rohe. However, he all these influences creatively develops from the viewpoint of negative-theological perspective.
7
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GPR SURVEY OF THE ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH OF THE NATIVITY OF THE BLESSED VIRGIN MARY IN SOCOVCE (MARTIN DISTRICT)

88%
Samuel M., Tirpák J.
Študijné zvesti
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2012
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issue 52
173 - 184
EN
In the summer of 2009 a GPR survey was carried out in the interior of the Church of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary in Socovce which was part of the rescue archaeological research. According to some historians, the church in Socovce belongs to the oldest sacral buildings in the Turiec Basin. The construction-historical exploration confirmed its latest existence in the first half of the 13th century; unearthing older foundations archaeological exploration shifted this dating to the period before the 13th century. Such dating is also supported by the finds of stone monolithic grave stones, such as occur in Slovakia mainly from the 11th to the 13th century. GPR survey completed the information obtained through the architectonic historical and archaeological exploration. A marked anomaly measured in the western part of the sacristy perhaps reflects the presence of Baroque(?) crypt of the Rakovský family. The most important outcome of GPR survey was the measuring of the anomaly indicating the presence of older masonries under the floor of the present presbytery and sacristy. The shape of the anomaly indicates the presence of an assumed older quadratic presbytery. Such interpretation, however, may be verified only by planned archaeological exploration in the church´s interior.
8
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USTANOVENIE NITRIANSKEHO BISKUPSTVA V ROKU 880 A OTÁZKA KATEDRÁLNEHO CHRÁMU

88%
Botek A.
Konštantínove listy
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2021
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vol. 14
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issue 1
3 - 22
EN
In 880 Pope John VIII consecrated the Frankish Benedictine Wiching as a bishop of the “holy Church of Nitra” and placed him under the jurisdiction of St. Method, “the most dignified archbishop of the holy Moravian Church”. This step was a result of a long development in the ecclesiastical, jurisdictional and power spheres not only on the territory of Great Moravia, but especially in the Central European region where the East Frankish, Great Moravian and Pannonian regions intersected and in which, over the years, many contradictory trends appeared. This article deals with the formation of the Bishopric of Nitra in 880 against the background of the general Christianisation in the Great Moravian area. The formation of the Bishopric is generally regarded by scholars as the formal emergence of the Pannonian/Great Moravian archdiocese. The study also presents the history of the Bishopric of Nitra after the departure of Bishop Wiching (890/893), during the restoration of the Great Moravian archdiocese in 899 and during the decline of Great Moravia after 907. It also studies sacral architecture of Nitra in the 9th century, focusing on its sacral topography.
9

PRIBINOV KOSTOL V NITRE, JEHO HISTORICKÝ A CIRKEVNÝ KONTEXT A ARCHITEKTONICKÉ SÚVISLOSTI

88%
Botek A.
Studia Historica Nitriensia
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2022
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vol. 26
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issue 1
3 - 22
EN
In 870 the Bavarian bishops drafted a file Conversio Bagoariorum et Carantanorum (On conversion of the Bavarians et Carinthians, in short Conversio), in which they described their Christianization activities in the area of Pannonia and Carinthia. The file was created in response to the appointment of Methodius as the archbishop of Pannonia and papal legate for Slavic countries, in which their saw a threat to their jurisdiction and interference in their own interests. We have the only detailed information in this file about the troubled fate of Pribina – the ruler of Nitra. There is stated here that „Archbishop Adalram consecrated for him a church on his own property beyond the Danube in a place called Nitrava“. This figure has already given a rise to lot of considerations and studies, which in many ways remain open to these days. In this context it is necessary to ask for answers, in what ecclesiastical and jurisdictional situation was this consecration happened, in what time period, where it is possible to assume that sacral building and what can be said about their architectonical conception. The following article will try to answer these and other questions.
10
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PETROGRAFICKÁ ANALÝZA STAVEBNÉHO MATERIÁLU Z VÝSKUMU KOSTOLA NARODENIA PANNY MÁRIE VO VEĽKÝCH CHYNDICIACH

75%
Jahn J., Samuel M.
Študijné zvesti
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2013
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issue 53
149 - 158
EN
During the rescue exploration of the Church of the Nativity of Virgin Mary in Veľké Chyndice (Nitra district) were taken ten samples of rocks, which had been used as building material in various stages of its construction and historical development. Their petrographic characteristics were defined by macroscopic analysis, and, subsequently, possible provenance of the rocks was verified. From the oldest Roman part of the church (13th century) built with bricks comes the sample of stone lining of a portal made of rhyolite, or rhyodacite, and neovulcanites brought from the mountains of central Slovak, i.e. from the distance of 30–50 km. The remains of the portal´s threshold are from red organogenic limestone, coming probably from the quarries at the village of Tardos in Hungary. These quarries of “red marble” had been used already by the end of the 12th century and they supplied an extensive territory of the Kingdom of Hungary in Middle Ages. Two other samples, obtained from the stone-brick foundations of a perished medieval sacristy, were determined as ignimbrites taken from a quarry in the 20 km distant Obyce. It was found out that for the foundations of the Baroque annex building (18th century) were exclusively used the crinoid limestones, quarried in the cadastre of a nearby (10 km) village of Kolíňany. The cover of a crypt, attached in the 18th century, or in the 19th century, to the northern wall of the Baroque aisle, was made of the pyroxenic andesite. Its closest occurrences are known from the quarries with historical mining at Machulince (16 km) and Obyce (20 km) in Pohronský Inovec. The samples were also taken from three different parts of a gravestone of the local priest G. Alapy (+1746). It was found out that the gravestone´s cross was made of crystalloclastic ashy tuff, with a probable source of the raw material being central Slovak neovulcanites, situated in a wider vicinity of Banská Štiavnica. The upper and lateral part of the gravestone is made of crystalloclastic sand tuff, also coming from Middle Slovak neovulcanites.
11

ĎALEKÁ CESTA K FARSKÉMU KOSTOLU

75%
Pomfyová B.
ARS
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2023
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vol. 56
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issue 2
154 - 184
EN
Although the parish church is a frequent concept in domestic medievalist literature, it remains mainly within the framework of somewhat stereotypical ideas about the development of church organisation. Absent is a deeper reflection on what the parish church and the parish meant or could have meant in the different sections of the medieval period. At the same time, this is an interdisciplinary problem that affects art-historical research in many ways. The following text aims to offer a stimulus to such reflection. The first part of the paper outlines a brief view of the parish church as an institution that has been the subject of a long journey of historical development but which, despite its fundamental influence on the lives of people of all social groups, remained without a generally binding ecclesiastical-legal definition until the publication of the Code of Canon Law in 1983. The second part focuses on the issue of parish and branch churches. Many of these needed a justifying cause for their establishment, which most often was the long journey to an existing parish church. Specific examples are used to illustrate the highly differentiated functional content and interrelationships of the churches forming the so-called lower church organisation, i.e., the parish system. The intention is to show that this differentiated functional content is combined with an undefined period terminology, which ultimately also influences the archaeological and architectural-historical interpretations of the individual objects.
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