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EN
The article contains deliberations on moulding competences of senior and secondary-school pupils during Education for safety classes. The basics of Education for safety classes are considered. Human safety is presented in the paper as the basis for human function. The way how human competences will be taught might influence safe and conscious action for life and health care purposes.
EN
In the presented study we analyse subjective and objective perception of safety. The research was carried out on the sample of 35 6250 respondents from 19 European countries of European Social Survey. The results show positive perception of safety by respondents from Scandinavia and negative evaluation by respondents from Eastern European countries. Low correlations were found between perceived safety and experience with crime.
EN
The government's intentions to construct nuclear power plants in Poland are frequently regarded as a risky move, which will not only fail to solve the problems of the Polish power industry, but can threat the perspectives of other energy sources as well. After the explosion in the Fukushima nuclear plant, fears have also aroused as for the safety of such plants. The author of the article presents the arguments of both supporters and opponents of nuclear energy, and refers to the government's plans and the needs of the economy in the area.
EN
Safety training for students entering education is considered in the paper as an important moment allowing for instilling the right attitudes in terms of safety. For long-term effect, training process is treated with a very large commitment, adequate time is devoted to meticulously plan the extent of expected changes and ways to achieve them. The normative basis for safety training is considered. Adapting programs to the students’ needs is touched upon. Forms and means of safety training are viewed.
EN
The world, as well as Poland, can pride itself on its numerous achievements in the aspect of development of science, culture and widely perceived civilization. We use many of these ‘achievements’ on a regular basis, mostly without even a single after-thought that they would not have been available to us if we had been born 2–3 generations earlier. At the same time, the contemporary human-beings seem to be unaware of the high prize that they need to pay for the progress of the civilization as — except for its undisputed benefits — it involves certain degree of inevitable dangers. We cannot pretend that they do not exist or that they do not concern us. We all have to face them to different extents. The dangers that are more or less real for the contemporary Poles can be categorized as ecological, climatic (including the floods or catastrophic hurricanes affecting our country, increasing pollution of the natural environment, lack of room for storing waste or burying the dead), social (including the unemployment — especially the long term one; increasing poverty of the society; on the other hand growing bipolarity of the material statuses, increasing secularization of the society that declares itself as the catholic, one which results in depreciation of many values, norms or ideals; eventually discrimination of every kind of difference), civilisational dangers connected with the progress of technology (diseases such as cancer or allergies, information about the armaments or epidemics in the neighbouring countries, increasing number of the transport accidents; preparations for the construction of the nuclear power plants or the fear of the terrorism present in the world); finally the individual dangers which can be described as deviations. The aim of the author was not only to categorize the present dangers, but to define their real and potential consequences both in the social and individual aspect.
EN
The main objective of the presented study was to determine whether there is a relationship between selected variables of perceived safety /fear of crime/ (perceived risk, perceived sense of security and preventive behaviour), 3 types of retrospective parental behaviour and self-efficacy. We were interested also whether there are differences in remembered parental behaviour by the respondents who have experienced some kind of victimization and those who have no experience with crime. The research sample represented 265 university students (including 83 men and 182 women) with different study focus of an average age of about 22 years. The results show that if respondents perceived their parents as controlling and protective, they showed more preventive behaviour, and the greater sense of perceived risk. The results showed that respondents who had experience with some kind of victimization, perceived parental behaviour as less unfavourable, more emotionally warm and less hyper-protective compared with those who did not have direct experience with some kind of crime. The self-efficacy of these groups did not differ significantly.
EN
The paper presents the main factors that have an effect on employment safety for women. Interviewed women from Pomorskie Voivodeship indicate job stability as one of the most important factors that is understood as a stability of work-place and company’s stability on the market. The results presented in the paper show that job qualifications give female employees the highest satisfaction, while the lowest score among women has internal communication in the company.
EN
The paper presents the characteristics and process of the crisis in the European banking sector, paying particular attention to the consequences of the crisis in terms of profitability, liquidity and solvency. The banking crisis has affected mainly the banking systems of developed countries, to a lesser extent, have an impact on the situation of the Polish banking sector. Therefore, the aim of the article is to evaluate the changes in the position of the Polish banking sector relative to other banking sectors, particularly those from developed countries. Banking sectors of EU countries were analyzed in terms of growth, profitability (measured by ROA and ROE indicators) as well as for safety.
EN
The article presents relationships between social capital and safety. Social capital, due to its complexity, affects higher level of safety in various way. Among other things social capital denotes higher level of trust, more developed networks of interaction, better circulation of information as well as it reduces transaction costs, costs of necessary control and economic risk. The level of crime and the level of moral hazard usually decrease together with the increasing level of social capital,. Social capital influences security of economic circulation, the level of social security and collective security. This is true for positive social capital. The influence of negative social capital may give inverse results. Current establishment of Polish economic policy regarding creating social capital are presented in the article too.
EN
The aim of the paper is to present results of the ESS project concerning the individually perceived safety by Slovak respondents which was monitored by two variables: characteristics of security situation and reflection of personal experience with crime. Slovak data from rounds 2 – 6 were compared and the perceived individual safety was analysed from generational and local aspects.
EN
The paper focuses on the perceived safety and expected terrorism threat in Slovakia and its neighbouring countries. Data from the ESS integrated data file 1-5 were analysed. The results indicate that the level of perceived safety is almost similar across the neighbouring countries except the decreased level of safety in Ukraine. The Slovak respondents worry most about the criminal acts as burglary and physical attack. Finally the respondents´ prediction of the terrorist attack in Europe and in their own country was analysed.
EN
The evolution of the concepts «steadiness» and «economic safety of an enterprise» was considered in the article. It was suggested to consider the concept of “enterprise stability” in the light of economic safety of an enterprise. The interconnection between the categories “stability of an enterprise” and “economic safety of the state” was analyzed in the article, the importance of business entities for the state successful development is reflected. One of the main problems of belorussian legislation in the sphere of sustainable development of an enterprise was defined.
13
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Historia i historyk w wychowaniu

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EN
History as a field of knowledge has been in retreat for several years. Little doubt, this problem is calling for separate considerations: why is this happening? One of the reasons is rooted in "historical policy" which has created a new "censorship" and promotes "researc hers" submissive to the decision-make group. Even though history should be a teacher of life, despite its mission it is treated as a "peddlar from whom you can order any merchandise" (prof. J. Szacki, Wokół etyki polskiego humanisty, 2010) [On the ethics of a Polish humanist]. Regardless of the turbulence, the author believes that history has its place in education, provided that the past is the subject of reflection, not of faith. If we do not understand the past, often complex and difficult, we cannot get rid of its burden. Respectively, instead of evading the mistakes once made, we will be repeating them, claiming it is our attachment to the tradi tion. The historian is not to offer a "good past" as a panaceum. Conversely, his vocation is to provoke the public to study history by putting forward important and courageous questions.
EN
Perceived safety or danger is a rising topic in the public psychology. The aim of this paper is to determine the relationship between the perception of safety and sense of coherence in specific sample of the Armed forces of the Slovak Republic. To measure sense of coherence we used questionnaire of life orientation from A. Antonovsky which focuses on personality-related stress-resistance resource. Perceived safety, we explored by the selected items using the main questionnaire from the 5th round of the European Social Survey (ESS). The sample consisted of 204 members of the armed forces of which 93.6% were males. The average age of respondents was 31.43 years (SD = 5,795). Task of members of the Armed forces is: to guarantee the security of the state against external attack by a foreign power, as well as obligations arising from international agreements by which the Slovak Republic is tied. Perceived safety can be in this particular sample negatively affected due to the nature of the profession, and we expect a significant relationship to personality related characteristics of the sense of coherence. Interpretation of the results will be described in more detail in the paper.
EN
With reference to aircraft accident and incident investigations, and the use of the results of such investigations, the article discusses the issue of the balance between ensuring safety and executing responsibility in aviation. The author decided to touch upon this issue after the recent amendment to Annex 13 to Chicago Convention on International Civil Aviation, the EU Regulation of 20 October 2010 on the investigation and prevention of accidents and incidents in civil aviation, and the latest amendments to Polish Air Law.
EN
It is analyzed in the paper the influence of complex key economic, technologic, natural, political and financial factors on the processes of forming the general system of energy safety of country. It is defined the conflict potential of energy factors and underlined the actual questions of power dialog, as possibilities of overcoming of conflict tendencies are in power industry.
EN
Personal safety and security in society are questions which are in the long term of interest to specialist and laymen alike. To this broad area belongs the study of objective conditions of work safety and perceived safety in the workplace. In this article we direct attention to the analysis of selected social (e.g. education, age, gender) and personal (e.g. work satisfaction, well-being) factors relating to the perceived work safety. The 5-th European Work Conditions Survey (EWCS 2010) data were used, in which 43 816 respondents from 34 countries took part.
EN
The article systemizes ecological problems of Tadjik Republic, analyzes the system of Tadjik aluminium company ecological policy and suggests recommendations for the use of economic instruments for solving ecological problems of the Republic.
EN
Security risks of today, terrorism, these are the factors that lead to breaching the traditional legal guarantees of the individual and to change of perception of human rights. The author deals with the thesis that the state must guarantee human rights, but in the effective elimination of security threats is forced to violate them. Against the background of the historical development of human rights and in the context of the philosophical concepts of relationship of the state and individual, relationship of freedom and security by Thomas Hobbes, John Locke and Immanuel Kant, the author seeks to clarify the function of human rights and the risk of breaching them. Guarantees of the freedom of individual are a response to impending dangers. Violation of human rights means loss of legitimacy of the state action. Security measures are often overreaction of state. We should not stop the effort to take the human as a purpose not means.
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