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THE SOCIOLOGICAL INSPIRATION OF LEVI-STRAUSS (Sociologicke inspirace Clauda Levi-Strausse)

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Petrusek M.
Sociológia (Sociology)
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2010
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vol. 42
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issue 4
383-403
EN
This study, which also has bearing on recent death of Claude Levi-Strauss, is concerned both with the questions how his work influenced sociology and how sociological thinking of his time was affected by his writings. Specifically, the following topics are addressed: the revitalization of the Durkheimian school, the relation between 'authentic' and 'inauthentic' societies, the problem of the historical perspective in the social sciences (in controversy with Sartre), his contribution to delineation (and redefinition) of the concept of 'social structure' (in controversy with Gurvitch), the formulation of the ' open future' problem, and especially the topic of progress (Levi-Strauss is considered to be a moderate 'cultural pessimist'). Three other significant problems are sketched out in this text: the transformation of the relation between anthropology and sociology, the question of race and the problem of racism – which are not unequivocal in Levi-Strauss's conception (and this holds true also for the topic of multiculturalism) - and the relation between 'classical structuralism' and post-structuralism.
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FRANCOUZSKÁ FENOMENOLOGIE A EXISTENCIÁLNÍ ANALÝZA

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Hlavinka P.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
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2010
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vol. 65
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issue 1
40-48
EN
The paper is an interdisciplinary study, which describes the results of applying phenomenological analysis in Sartre's analysis of being, as well as the main emphases in Merleau-Ponty's explorations of body/consciousness problem. It also shows the possibilities of applying the phenomenological approach in psychotherapy, in particular in the logotherapy of Victor Frankl. The author's intention is to show the relationship between the intentional consciousness with its possibilities and limits and the conception of phenomena, which differs strongly with the respective thinkers. While for Sartre the phenomenon is a means of self-alienation and for Ponty is a means of embedding the embodied consciousness, for Frankl the phenomenon is a medium of meaning for the intentional consciousness itself.
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