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Wiedzotwórcza funkcja metafor w nauce a koncepcja metafory eksplikatywnej Jerzego Kmity

100%
Zeidler P.
Filo-Sofija
|
2011
|
vol. 11
|
issue 1(12)
129-144
EN
In the paper entitled “Scientific Explanation and Metaphor” Jerzy Kmita divided all metaphors on reporting and explicative ones. He assumed that the explicative metaphors could play a cognitive function in science, and also characterized them according to Max Black’s interactive theory of metaphor. The main purpose of my paper is to analyse Kmita’s explicative conception of metaphor in the view of Lakoff & Johnson’s cognitive theory of metaphor. I attempt to show that metaphors play an important role in a process of making knowledge, especially in a conceptualization of domain being studied. In spite of an interactive account of metaphor I claim that making use of a metaphor is a process, which proceeds only in the one direction. In the last section of the paper I briefly analyse a few examples of metaphors used in natural sciences.
2

SCIENTIFIC LAWS AND SCIENTIFIC EXPLANATIONS: A DIFFERENTIATED TYPOLOGY

86%
Hanzel I.
Organon F. medzinárodný časopis pre analytickú filozofiu
|
2008
|
vol. 15
|
issue 3
323-344
EN
The paper tries to provide an alternative to C. G. Hempel's approach to scientific laws and scientific explanation as given in his D-N model. It starts with a brief exposition of the main characteristics of Hempel's approach to deductive explanations based on universal scientific laws and analyzes the problems and paradoxes inherent in this approach. By way of solution, it analyzes the scientific laws and explanations in classical mechanics and then reconstructs the corresponding models of explanation, as well as the types of scientific laws appearing in it. The paper makes an attempt to provide a new approach to the scientific laws and scientific explanations. The author gives a brief overview of Hempel's approach to the scientific laws and scientific explanation, as well as of its failures and paradoxes. As a way out, the author analyzes the scientific laws and explanations in classical mechanics and then reconstructs the corresponding models of explanation, as well as the types of scientific laws appearing in it. Finally, he provides a differentiated typology of the scientific laws and scientific explanations.
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