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1

ATTENTION AS A MECHANISM OF DIFFERENTATION OF COGNITIVE STRUCTURE

100%
Orzechowski J., Bednarek H.
Psychological Studies
|
2004
|
vol. 42
|
issue 1
125
EN
The purpose of the research was to explore mechanisms of attention of Witkin's styles. It has been assumed that the style independent of the field will be related to a higher efficiency of selective attention's process. There were 96 people who participated in the research: 67 women and 29 men, aged 20,9 (+/-2,6). In the experiment, in addition to Embedded Figures Test, a battery of cognitive tests for exploring attention (DIVA Task) has been used, as well as the strength of inhibition processes (Navon Task). The results indicate that there is a strong relation between preferences in the cognitive style and selective attention. The style which is independent of the perceptual field is characterized by better accuracy of selection information, at the similar speed of selection. In the group of people where the independent style predominated, a fewer number of false alarms was registered, and a fewer number of omissions in more difficult conditions of detection. The participants appeared less susceptible to interference in incoherent conditions of Navon's Tasks. It seems to prove that they possess stronger mechanism of inhibition, which is recognized as the elementary mechanism of selective attention.
2

THE DEVELOPMENT OF SELECTIVE ATTENTION

100%
Bialecka-Pikul M., Kantaruk M.
Psychological Studies
|
2004
|
vol. 42
|
issue 1
25-36
EN
The revival of research on attention in cognitive psychology leads to take up the problem of development of attention, especially searching selective attention of children. The aim of the presented study was to answer the question how selective attention develops in 8 to 13 years old children. In pilot study we observed clear developmental changes up to 10 years of age, but there were no changes between results of 10 and 12 year olds. Significant differences between boys and girls were revealed. This suggested the confirmation of so called 'hunter's hypothesis'. We used modified version of Two Cross Out Test constructed by Zazzo (1974). It was found that selective attention develops intensively till 10 years of age and that lack of significant differences between groups of older children is connected with development of cognitive control. The obtained results suggest how to plan further research on selective attention of children.
3

The role of cognitive load and memory capacity in negative priming

51%
Kossowska M.
Polish Psychological Bulletin
|
2007
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vol. 38
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issue 1
15-23
EN
The following hypotheses were tested in two consecutive experiments: first, that individual differences in the amount of cognitive resources possible to allocate to an activity or process correspond to individual differences in negative priming effect, and second, that negative priming is sensitive to cognitive load. The results suggest that the amount of negative priming effect results from the allocation of cognitive resources and that individual differences in cognitive capacity is related to the ability to efficiently handle irrelevant information. Additionally, the results support the assumptions that cognitive load decreases the negative priming effect.
4

THE INFLUENCE OF MOOD INDUCED BY REPORTING EMOTIONAL LIFE EVENTS ON SELECTIVE ATTENTION

51%
Dessoulavy K., Sweklej J.
Psychological Studies
|
2005
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vol. 43
|
issue 4
81-89
EN
The experiment was devoted to determine whether mood influences selective attention oriented to emotional and not-emotional stimuli. Mood manipulation consisted of asking participants to write down a self-report of either sad or happy life event. No mood was induced in control group. Two versions of test were sequentially administered to measure selective attention: Schematic Expressions Test and Watches Test. The task was to detect and mark either faces presenting sadness or watches set on 5 o'clock, respectively. Due to evolutionary importance of stimuli participants were expected to detect faces more efficiently than watches. We also expected that negative mood would enhance selectivity especially with respect to emotional stimuli. The results proved that emotional stimuli were detected better than not-emotional, although the former suffered a decrease in detection ability. No mood impact on non-emotional stimuli processing was found.
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