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Jazykový obraz světa a kreativní text

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Pajdzinska A., Tokarski R.
Slovo a slovesnost: časopis pro otázky teorie a kultury jazyka (Slovo a slovesnost: A journal for the theory of language and language cultivation)
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2010
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vol. 71
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issue 4
288-297
EN
In this paper, it is claimed that the artistic vision of the world is not very different from the linguistic picture of the world and that creative use of language (i.e. artistic or journalistic texts, advertisements, or even colloquial texts) can contain valuable, indeed, sometimes fundamental data for a reconstruction of the conceptual system encoded in the language. Examples of texts are provided, thanks to which one can verify hypotheses constructed on the basis of systemic facts and which draw attention to an aspect of the linguistic picture of the world. When creative uses are taken into account, semantic components inconspicuous in the general variety of the language surface, and the semantic openness of linguistic expressions is revealed - this openness is correlated with the openness of human thinking about the world. Textual connotations, merely individual at face value, usually have a clear motivation because a semantically interpretable utterance must be derived from linguistic and cultural knowledge. Situations in which the text is the only justification of unconventionalized semantic components are very rare.
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Problémy pojetí jazykového obrazu světa v perspektivě srovnávacích výzkumů

75%
Grzegorczykowa R.
Slovo a slovesnost: časopis pro otázky teorie a kultury jazyka (Slovo a slovesnost: A journal for the theory of language and language cultivation)
|
2010
|
vol. 71
|
issue 4
275-287
EN
The paper deals with two questions. The first question concerns the range of the 'mental picture' of a denoted object, created in the thought of a speaker. Classical (structural) linguistics and logical semantics concentrates on the essential features of the object (the necessary and sufficient conditions to reckon the object as a member of the considered class), whilst cognitive linguistics tends to treat all features associated with an object as valid for the mental picture of this object. The non-essential features are either stabilized by some linguistic facts (like derivations, proverbs, etc.), or are individually created in the text. The second question concerns the ontological character of the denoted objects. The object can be relatively ontologically independent, like: natural beings (e.g. plants, animals), some artefacts (e.g. buildings, tables), or the object can be an entity discernible by the human cognitive, linguistic categorization of the world (the parts of the body, some subsets or collections, the emotional states of a person). Some denoted objects can be human mental constructions (e.g. theoretical models, social ideologies). The ontological character of denoted objects seems to be essential in order to fix the 'tertium comparationis' in comparative research.
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